Effectiveness of the use of desiccant “Dictator, VR” on soybean crops (Glycine max) in the conditions of the Central European part of the Russia

Relevance. In the Ryazan region in recent years the acreage under soybeans has been growing. Given the ever-growing demand for soybeans as a high-protein and oilseed crop, the priority is the development of chemical methods that affect the acceleration of maturation.
Methods. A variety of soy Kasatka was taken for research. In the experiment, the effect of desiccant “Diktator, VR” (AD — 150 g/l of diquat in the form of dibromide) was studied. Experimentaloptions: 1) “Diktator, VR” 1.5 l/ha; 2) “Diktator, VR” 2.0 l/ha; 3) control (without desiccant). The studies were carried out by field and laboratory methods using appropriate techniques.
Results. The results of the experiment showed that all the studied doses of desiccant after 2–3 days dry the leaves of the culture well. Analysis of the dynamics of the decrease in the moisture content of soybean grain showed that both dosages of “Diktator, VR” were effective (at a dosage of 1.5 l/ha, the moisture content of soybean seeds decreased by 4.6–6.3%; 2.0 l/ha — by 2.9–4.6%). The decrease in the number of weeds was 80.3–84.8% (2020) and 78.0–84.1% (2021), the reduction in the mass of weeds was 81.1–81.8% (2020) and 80.0–81.5% (2021). Germination energy in all variants of the experiment had high indicators — 90.0–95.0%, viability — 92.0–97.0%. The desiccant did not have a negative effect on the yield of soybean seeds. On average, the yield of soybeans using this desiccant at a rate of 1.5 l/ha was 2.05 t/ha, at a rate of 2.0 l/ha — 2.02 t/ha, control — 2.10 t/ha. Desiccation did not have a negative effect on the quantitative chemical composition of soybean seeds, which was approximately the same as the control. So, on average, the protein content in the soybean seeds of the Kasatka variety was at a high level — 41.5–41.7%, the oil content also was at optimal amount — 17.6–17.8%. The most effective dosage of desiccant “Diktator, VR” on soybean crops is the norm of 1.5 l/ha.

1. Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Ryazan region. Production of crop production in the Ryazan region. Available from: https://www.ryazagro.ru/spheres/ [Accessed March 30, 2022]. (In Russian.).

2. Levakova O.V. Responsiveness of a new variety of spring barley Noble to the seeding rate in the conditions of the Ryazan region. Agrarnaya nauka. 2021; 346 (3): 70-73. (In Russianian.) https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2021-346-3-70-73

3. Lysenko NN. Herbicides in soybean crops. Vestnik OrelGAU. 2018; 2 (71). Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/gerbitsidyv-posevah-soi [Accessed April 5, 2022]. (In Russian.). http://dx.doi.org/10.15217/48484

4. Milenko OG. Productivity of soybean agrophytocenosis depending on the variety, seeding rates and methods of crop care. Izvestiya TSKhA. 2019; 1. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/produktivnost-agrofitotsenoza-soi-v-zavisimosti-ot-sorta-normvyseva-semyan-i-sposobov-uhoda-za-posevami-1 [Accessed March 30, 2022]. (In Russian.)

5. Levakova O.V., Gladysheva O.V. The effect of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of a new variety of spring barley Noble in the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. Zernovoe khozyaystvo Rossii. 2021; 4(76): 86–90. (In Russian.). https://doi.org/10.31367/2079-8725-2021-76-4-86-90

6. Yurkova R. E., Dokuchaeva L. M. The current state of soybean production in Russian. Puti povysheniya effektivnosti oroshaemogo zemledeliya. 2019; 2(74): 8-13. (In Russian.).

7. Zakharova M.N., Rozhkova L.V. The effect of desiccants on grain moisture and the maturation period of soy varieties Svetlaia. Agrarnaya nauka. 2022; 355 (1): 90-92. (In Russian.). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-355-1-90-92

8. Highly effective desiccant for pre-harvest drying and weed destruction. Available from: http://himagromarketing.ru/ru/news/desikant-diquat.html [Accessed March 30, 2022]. (In Russian.).

9. Soy: desiccation of crops. Available from: https://propozitsiya.com/soya-desikaciya-posevov [Accessed March 30, 2022]. (In Russian.).

10. Kasatka is a variety of Soybean plant. Available from: https://dacha-dacha.ru/sorta/soya/kasatka [Accessed March 30, 2022]. (In Russian.).

11. Gureeva E.V., Fomina T.A, Venevtsev V.Z. Improved technology of cultivation of early-ripening soybean variety Killer whale in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone. Methodical manual. Ryazan. 2013. 35 p. (In Russian.).

12. Methodological guidelines for testing herbicides in crop production / ed. Vojvodina A.V. — M.: “Kolos”. 1969. 40 p. (In Russian.).

13. Dospekhov B.A. Methodology of field experience. M:. Agropromizdat. 1985.185 p. (In Russian.).

14. Smolyaninov YuN. Ways to improve the technology of postharvest grain processing. Byulleten’ nauki i praktiki. 2017; 11 (24). Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/putisovershenstvovaniya-tehnologii-posleuborochnoy-obrabotki-zerna [Accessed March 21, 2022]. (In Russian.).

15. Kuvshinov AA, Sakharov BA, Maznev DS. Improvement of the combing device for harvesting soybeans. Byulleten’ nauki I praktiki. 2018; 8. Available from: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sovershenstvovanie-ochesyvayuschego-ustroystva-dlya-uborki-soi [Accessed March 21, 2022]. (In Russian.).