Features of growing red beet and carrot in the conditions of the south-western part of the Central region of the Russian Federation

Abstract

Relevance and methodology. The article presents the results of the study of economically valuable signs of red beet and carrot when grown in the conditions of the south-western part of the Central region of the Russian Federation. The aim of scientific researches was to conduct phytosanitary monitoring of crops, study the species composition of harmful organisms and the relative resistance of varieties and hybrids of vegetable root crops to harmful organisms in the Bryansk region. The estimation on level of ecotoxicant accumulation during cultivation was carried out. The researches were carried out in 2018–2020 in the stationary field of the Bryansk State Agrarian University.

Results. As a result of the researches, the species composition of harmful organisms on the variety samples of red beet and garden carrot was established. In the conditions of the Bryansk region, according to the signs of "root crop mass" and "commercial yield" on average over the years of research varieties and hybrids of garden carrots Mars F₁, Kupar F₁, Nadezhda F₁, Shantene korolevskaya, Nante, Minor were identified. Insignificant population of willow-carrot aphid — Cavariella aegopodii (Skop.) —was established on plants of varieties Nante, Nantskaya 4, Marlinka, Minor and hybrid Nadezhda F₁. The Nante variety with a high content of carotene (185.1 mg/kg), dry matter (13.3%), low accumulation of nitrates (11.0 mg/kg) and relative resistance to pests was selected according to the results of biochemical analysis. The development of red beet cercosporosis (R) was found to be at a level of 1.6 to 11.3%, while the prevalence of the disease ranged from 22.7 to 76.9%. The variety samples Mulatka, Lyubava and Nezhnost(R 2–2.4%) were slightly affected. A high degree of the disease prevalence was noted in the varieties Nesravnennaya, Gospadynya, Bordo 237. The samples Mulatka, Kreolka, Gospadynya, Lyubava, Nesravnennaya were selected according to the mass of the root crop and resistance to harmful organisms.