Modern varieties of winter and spring wheat in the Ryazan region, productivity and quality of grain

Abstract

The analysis of long-term data on grain production showed that a low protein and gluten content in wheat grains related to improper cultivation techniques, mineral malnutrition, particularly nitrogen nutrition, especially in case of high yields, and improper application of nitrogen fertilizers. Meteorological conditions also can aggravate these factors. The productivity of new varieties adapted in the Central Region and the common varieties was compared at Ryazan Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture from 2011 until 2016. The highest yield of winter wheat (7.74 t/ha) was obtained under relatively favorable meteorological conditions in 2016, the lowest indicator (4.34 t/ha) was detected in 2014. The yield of spring wheat under favorable meteorological conditions was 5.44 t/ha in 2014, the lowest one was 1.34 t/ha in 2011. The yield of Viola, Danaya, Glafira varieties was 28-36% higher than the yield of Moskovskaya 39, the yield of Agata, Zlata, Rima was 7-23% higher in comparison with the yield of Lada. Thus, modern varieties cultivated under the basic technology provided more stable productivity with the excellent grain quality and the yield increased by 7-36%. The use of Agata, Zlata, winter Viola together with optimal technologies can increase the stability of gross yield of quality grain from year to year and improve the production efficiency.