New method for calculating doses of the first nitrogen fertilizers as an element of precision cultivation technology for winter barley

The development of new, more accurate methods for calculating doses of nitrogen fertilizers has been a very urgent issue, because it increases the ecological safety of crop production, increases the payback of nitrogen fertilizers, improves the technology of crop cultivation. Field experiments conducted at the Institute and agricultural enterprises in Krasnodar Krai revealed a correlation of the yield of winter barley with agrophytocenosis and conditions for its cultivation in spring. The mathematical analysis of this data revealed a multiple nonlinear regression dependence of the dose of the first nitrogen fertilization on the effective fertility of the soil (in a 0-40 cm layer) in early spring, density of agrophytocenosis and expected yield. On this basis, a new method for calculating doses of the first nitrogen fertilization for winter crops was developed. The article presents the results of the study (in a small-plot experiment) on the dependence of the yields of three perspective varieties of winter barley of KNIISH breeding («K-1», «Serp», «Toma») on predecessors, genotype, nitrogen fertilizers and methods for their calculation. The test was repeated 4 times. The variants of the experiment included the following: 1-control (without fertilizers); 2-dose of the first nitrogen fertilization was calculated according to the Prototype; 3-dose of the first nitrogen fertilization was calculated by the New method. It was established that the yield of winter barley depended on a number of agrotechnical and genotypic factors (R2 = 0.9). There was revealed the effectiveness of the new method for calculating the dose of the first nitrogen fertilization, which provided a reliable increase in the yield of winter barley (by 0.44 t/ha) and the payback of fertilizers (by 52%) in comparison with the Prototype. The method was patented (Russia).

ячмень озимый, урожайность, новый способ расчета дозы азотной подкормки, окупаемость удобрений, winter barley, yield, a new method for calculating the dose of nitrogen fertilizers, payback of fertilizers

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