Экспрессия ключевых генов в слепой кишке у кур линий СМ5 и СМ9 мясного кросса «Смена 9» на фоне замены рыбной муки

Актуальность. Зависимость от рыбной муки сдерживает развитие птицеводства. Цель исследования — анализ экспрессии ключевых генов у родительского поголовья Gallus gallus L. линий СМ5 и СМ9 мясного кросса «Смена 9» на фоне рационов с заменой рыбной муки.

Методы. Проведены опыты на курах линий СМ5 и СМ9: группы 1А и 1Б получали основной рацион (ОР), 2А и 2Б — ОР с заменой рыбной муки продуктами переработки сои, 3А и 3Б — ОР с заменой рыбной муки продуктами переработки подсолнечника, 4А и 4Б — ОР с заменой рыбной муки продуктами переработки сои и подсолнечника в соотношении 50:50. Анализ экспрессии генов проводили с помощью количественной ПЦР с обратной транскрипцией.

Результаты. Наиболее выраженные изменения в уровнях экспрессии ключевых генов на фоне замены рыбной муки на продукты переработки сои и подсолнечника касались материнской линии плимутрок СМ9 по сравнению с отцовской линией корниш СМ5. Так, экспрессия мРНК SOD в группах 2Б, 3Б и 4Б уменьшалась в 14,3–100 раз по сравнению с контролем 1Б (р ≤ 0,05), тогда как в опыте на линии СМ5 экспрессия гена SOD в опытных группах 2А и 3А уменьшалась не более чем в 3,5 раза по сравнению с контролем 1А (р ≤ 0,05). Во всех опытных группах зоотехнические показатели мясной и яичной продуктивности отмечались на уровне контрольных групп (р > 0,05).

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