Эпизоотическая ситуация по бактериальной почечной болезни (BKD)

Актуальность. Бактериальная почечная болезнь (БПБ, BKD, коринеальная почечная инфекция, болезнь Ди), возбудителем которой является грамположительная неспоровая неподвижная бактерия Renibacterium salmoninarum, — это распространенное заболевание рыб семейства лососевых (Salmonidae), которое наносит существенный ущерб производству рыбы в аквакультуре и развитию отрасли, а также снижает численность диких популяций.

Цель данного обзора — являлся анализ эпизоотической ситуации по бактериальной почечной болезни (BKD) среди диких популяций лососевых и рыб в аквакультуре на территории Российской Федерации, а также в других странах.

В статье представлена информация по заболеваемости BKD в мире и на территории Российской Федерации за 1933–2023 гг., показаны данные по распространению болезни среди диких популяций и выращиваемых рыб в аквакультуре, описаны возможные пути передачи, нативные и предполагаемые векторы-переносчики инфекции.

Методы. Рассмотрены меры контроля роста заболеваемости BKD в мире и на территории Российской Федерации. В связи с отсутствием эффективной вакцины и способа лечения наиболее доступным методом контроля распространения болезни является своевременная диагностика. Указаны методы, разработанные для быстрой и эффективной диагностики сотрудниками лаборатории ихтиопатологии ФНЦ ВИЭВ РАН: реакция микроагглютинации (РМА) и полимеразно-цепная реакция в реальном времени (ПЦР-РВ).

Результаты. В отличие от классических бактериологических методов, данные реакции позволяют провести индикацию и идентификацию возбудителя BKD в течение 24 часов.

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