The relationship of milk productivity and reproductive functions of Holstein cows

Relevance. Providing the population of the country with high–quality food products of its own production is the main task facing the employees of the agro-industrial complex of the country. One of these products is milk. The bulk of milk is obtained from cows of the dairy productivity direction. Currently, in the Sverdlovsk region, more than 75% of the total number of cattle belongs to the Holstein breed, created by the absorption of domestic black-and-white cattle by the Holstein. The study of economically useful signs of dairy cattle of the Holstein breed is relevant and has practical significance.
Methods. The research was carried out in breeding reproducers for breeding Holstein black-and-white cattle of the Sverdlovsk region. The evaluation included all cows that completed the first lactation in 2020-2021. Milk productivity was assessed by control milkings, milk quality indicators: MJ and MDB in milk in an average milk sample from each cow — once a month in the dairy laboratory of “Uralplemcenter” LLC.
Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the highest productivity indicators in cows were on the 3rd lactation — both for the entire lactation and for 305 days of lactation. Starting from the 4th lactation, there is a decrease in milk yields — from 0.3% (5th lactation) to 8.5% (8th lactation). Further, fluctuations in milk yields have been established in the direction of increasing or decreasing, which is explained by a decrease in the number of animals used in farms for a long time. Coefficient of reproductive capacity for all lactation (up to and including the 12th) stable and is 0.89–0.91, that is, there is a problem with the reproduction of breeding reproducers in dairy cattle herds. No relationship between reproductive functions and milk yield of cows has been established. 

1. Donnik I.M., Voronin B.A. Production of organic agricultural products as one of important directions of development of agro-industrial complex. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2016; (1): 77‒81 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/vmflaf

2. Chechenikhina O.S., Smirnova E.S. Biological and productive features of black-motley cows with various milking techniques. Molochno-khozyaistvenny Vestnik. 2020; (1): 90‒102 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/ueogyv

3. Mymrin V.S. et al. Protection the home breeds is the contribution to future of russian animal-breeding. Zootechniya. 2018; (1): 8‒11 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/ypjzgh

4. Gridina S.L., Gridin V.F., Sidorova D.V., Novitskaya K.V. Influence of Holstein Share on Milk Productivity of Black-and-White Cows. Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex. 2018; 32(8): 60, 61 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.24411/0235-2451-2018-10816

5. Loretts O.G., Petrova O.G., Barashkin M.I., Milshtein I.M., Petrov E.A. Milk and the economy of the dairy subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex. Yekaterinburg. 2019; 248 (In Russian).

6. Morklyak V.M., Bondar M.M. Comparative characteristics of milk quality of different breeds of cows. Annali d’Italia. 2020; (8–1): 60–63 (In Ukrainian). https://www.elibrary.ru/zmyxdk

7. Mymrin V., Loretts O. Contemporary trends in the formation of economically-beneficial qualities in productive animals. Digital agriculture development strategy Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference (ISPC 2019) Advances in Intelligent Systems Research. 2019; 511–514.

8. Andreev A.I., Menkova A.A., Shilov V.N., Kostromkina N.V. Influence of conditions for feeding dairy cows on the chemical composition and technological properties of milk when its processing in cheese. Scientific notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 2020; 243(3): 4–8 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/oqtts

9. Shuvarikov A.S., Zhukova E.V., Pastukh O.N. Use of resource-saving technologies when processing milk. Resource Saving Technologies at Storage and Processing of Agricultural Production. XV All-Russian (with international participation) scientific and practical seminar. Orel: Kartush. 2021; 163–168 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/vhycnf

10. Gorelik A.S., Rebezov M.B., Gorelik O.V. Technological parameters for the production of soft cheese depending on the linear origin of cows. Agrarian science. 2023; 374(9): 64–68 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-374-9-64-68

11. Belookov A.A., Belookova O.V., Gorelik O.V., Rebezov M.B. The composition and properties of the milk of black-and-white cows of different genotypes. Agrarian science. 2023; (3): 62–69 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-368-3-62-69

12. Donnik I.M., Voronin B.A., Loretts O.G., Kot E.M., Voronina Ya.V. Russian agrarian and industrial complex — from import of agricultural production to the export-oriented development. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2017; (3): 12 (In Russian). https://elibrary.ru/wdmsnz

13. Donnik I.M., Mymrin S.V. Role of genetic factors in increasing of the productivity of cattle. Head of Animal Breeding. 2016; (8): 20–32 (In Russian). https://elibrary.ru/wgwpqd

14. Chechenikhina O.S., Smirnova E.S. Biological and productive features of black-motley cows with various milking techniques. Molochno-khozyaistvenny Vestnik. 2020; (1): 90–102 (In Russian). https://elibrary.ru/ueogyv

15. Melnikova N.V., Neverova O.P. Dynamics of milk productivity of cows of the Ural type of Holsteinized black-and-white cattle. Youth and science. 2021; (11): 14 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/sefqag

16. Kolesnikova E.G. Milk productivity of cows of the Ural type of black-and-white cattle. Current problems of intensive development of livestock farming. Materials of the XXV International Student Scientific Conference. Gorki: Belarusian State Agricultural Academy. 2022; (1):183-188. (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/hujrqd

17. Donnik I.M., Chechenikhina O.S. System of selection of black-and-white cows using intensive milk production technology. From import substitution to export potential: scientific support for innovative development of livestock farming and biotechnology. Yekaterinburg: Ural State Agrarian University. 2021; 166–168 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/gxxxfy

18. Mymrin V. et al. Environmentally clean composites with hazardous aluminum anodizing sludge, concrete waste, and lime production waste. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 174: 380–388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.299

19. Mymrin V.S. et al. Preservation of domestic breeds is a contribution to the future of Russian animal husbandry. Zootechny. 2018; (1): 8–11 (In Russian). https://elibrary.ru/ypjzgh

20. Gridin V.F., Gridina S.L. Analysis of the breed and class composition of cattle of the Ural region. Rossijskaya selʼskohozajstvennaya nauka. 2019; (1): 50, 51 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.31857/S2500-26272019150-51

21. Adushinov D. Efficiency of Holsteinization of black-and-white cattle in Eastern Siberia. Molochnoye i myasnoye skotovodstvo. 2006; (3): 17–19. https://www.elibrary.ru/vyfiqh

22. Artyukhina I.N., Grinenko O.A. The effectiveness of Holstein black-and-white cattle. Zootechny. 2001; (5): 4–6 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/hrrobd

23. Anisimova E.I., Katmakov P.S. The genotypic composition of the herd of black-motley breed and phenotypic characteristic in connection with Holsteinization. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2020; 02(193): 37‒43 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32417/1997-4868-2020-193-2-37-43.

24. Gorelik A.S., Rebezov M.B., Gorelik O.V. Technological properties of milk of cows with different proportion of blood in the Holstein breed. Agrarian science. 2023; (5): 63–67 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-370-5-63-67

25. Gorelik O.V. et al. Studying the biochemical composition of the blood of cows fed with immune corrector biopreparation. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2020; 2207(1): 020012. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000317

26. Serdyuk M.V., Vagapova O.A. Economic efficiency of Holstein black-and-white cattle of the Urals. Topical issues of humanities, economics and technical sciences: theory and practice. Materials of the National (All-Russian) Scientific Conference of the Institute of Agroengineering. Troitsk: South Ural State Agrarian University. 2019; 74–79 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/wwpmre

27. Kolotova E.N., Neverova O.P. Milk productivity of Holstein breeding cows. Modern technologies for cultivation, processing and storage of agricultural products. Collection of abstracts. Yekaterinburg: Ural State Agrarian University. 2022; 101, 102 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/kbmlvc

28. Gorelik A.S., Rebezov M.B., Gorelik O.V. Physico-chemical parameters of milk of cows with different proportions of blood in the Holstein breed. Agrarian science. 2023; 1(10): 63–67 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-375-10-63-67

29. Tikhomirov I.A., Skorkin V.K., Aksenova V.P., Andryukhina O.L. Cows productive life longevity and their reasons for culling's analysis. Journal of VNIIMZH. 2016; (1): 64–72 (In Russian). https://elibrary.ru/vowcwn

30. Chechenikhina O.S., Loretts O.G., Bykova O.A., Shatskikh E.V., Gridin V.F., Topuriya L.Yu. Productive qualities of cattle in dependence on genetic and paratypic factors. International Journal of Advanced Biotechnology and Research. 2018; 9(1): 587–593. https://elibrary.ru/yrekll

31. Zherebtsova A.S., Zherebtsova N.S., Moshkina S.V. The effectiveness of Holstein black-and-white cattle and the relationship with the main signs of dairy productivity. Problems and prospects of animal husbandry development. Materials of the International Scientific and Practical conference dedicated to the 85th anniversary of the Faculty of Biotechnology. Vitebsk: Vitebsk Order “Badge of Honor” State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 2018; 30–32 (In Russian). https://www.elibrary.ru/qelaqw

32. Gorelik A.S., Rebezov M.B., Gorelik O.V. Evaluation of bulls-producers of the Holstein breed by the quality of the offspring. Agrarian science. 2023; 376(11): 34–40 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-376-11-34-40