The mechanism of interaction of the animal›s body with the microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract (review)

The intestines of animals are a complex ecosystem consisting of a microbiome, host cells, and nutrients. There are about 100 trillion bacteria in the intestinal tract that form the intestinal microbiota. They are taxonomically classified by genus, family, order, and type. The intestinal microflora mainly consists of six types: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia. Bacterioidetes and firmicutes occupy a dominant position in the intestinal tract of animals and play a key role in the nutrient absorption system and help strengthen the intestinal barrier. The composition of the microbial community ecosystem is dynamic, and its composition depends on many factors including genes, medications, and feeding.

The purpose of this review is to analyze the microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and factors affecting their biodiversity. The composition of the microbial community ecosystem is dynamic and depends on many factors, including genes, medications, and feeding. Changes in the feeding diet can cause time shifts (within 24 hours) in a large number of microorganisms. It follows that feeding is also a vital regulator of the intestinal microbiota. The prospects for applying the results of the study of the microbiota of the body of farm animals are obvious, since they can become the basis for creating technologies that allow correcting undesirable changes in the microbiome of animals that arise as negative consequences of the intensification of highly productive agricultural production.

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