Features of the application of soil cultivation methods in the cultivation of soybeans in the forest-steppe zone

Relevance. Soybean in the Russian Federation is of particular importance in replenishing the protein deficit in livestock farming, which in recent years has amounted to more than 1.80 million tons. Therefore, the initial task is to increase yields, as well as expand the area of soybean cultivation in new regions, with the development of cultivation technology.

Methods. Field experiments were conducted in the Western Zakamye in the fields of the “Rakhmatullin” farm in the Chistopol district of the Republic of Tatarstan in 2019–2021. The humus content on leached chernozem is 5.7–6.0%. The object of research is the soybean variety SibNIIK 315.

Results. The use of dump plowing to a depth of 25–27 cm on the 6th variant “harrowing + cultivation + + 2 row-to-row treatments” contributed to the reduction of weeds on crops in an average of 3 years to 20 pcs/m². When carrying out non-dumping treatment to the appropriate depth at the beginning of the growing season, the largest number of weeds was 58.7 pcs/m² in the 1st variant “harrowing in 2 tracks (control)”, and the smallest (41.3 pcs/m²) — in the 5th variant “harrowing + cultivation + 1 row-to-row treatment”. On average, during the experiments, the largest raw mass of weeds at the beginning of the growing season, 73.6 g/m², was formed on the 1st variant “harrowing in 2 tracks (control)”, and the smallest (53.2 g/m²) — on the 6th variant “harrowing + cultivation + 2 row-to-row treatments”. By the harvest ripeness of soybeans, weighing revealed that the largest raw mass of weeds in the 1st variant “harrowing in 2 traces (control)” was 50.6 g/m², and the smallest (29.4 g/m²) — in the 6th variant “harrowing + cultivation + 2 row-to-row treatments”. The highest grain yield (2.2 t/ha) was formed when plowing to a depth of 25–27 cm on the 6th variant “harrowing + cultivation + 2 row-to-row treatments”, the increase from the control was 0.9 t/ha.

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