The influence of elements of technology of cultivation of various varieties of winter wheat on biometric indicators of the unproductivity in the Nizhny Novgorod region

The research was conducted in a field experiment in Nizhny Novgorod region on light gray forest soil. The study examined the effects of a biological preparation “Vostok EM-1”, a microfertilizer “Nanosilicon”, and macro mineral fertilizers on yield and yield components of various winter wheat cultvars. The experiment followed a three-factor design.

In 2024, winter wheat yields in the experiment ranged from 3.73 t/ha (cv. Nemchinovskaya 85) to 5.01 t/ha (cv. Mokovskaya 82). Application of mineral fertilizers at N₁₂₀P₆₀K₆₀ increased wheat yield by 0.16 t/ha compared to the unfertilized control, reaching 4.39 t/ha. Foliar application of “Nanosilicon” microfertilizer and “Vostok EM-1” biopreparation during the tillering phase increased yields by 0.13 t/ha (3.1%) and 0.31 t/ha (7.5%), respectively, compared to untreated plots.

Biological yield potential calculations showed high productivity in studied cultivars — up to 7.99 t/ha (Moskovskaya 82). Mineral fertilizer application at N₆₀P₃₀K₃₀ and N₁₂₀P₆₀K₆₀ rates increased this parameter by 0.25–0.31 t/ha. Using “Vostok EM-1” biopreparation and “Nanosilicon” foliar application in winter wheat cultivation technology increased biological yield by 0.22–0.69 t/ha (3.3–10.4%) compared to the control.

1. Cherkasov G.N., Pykhtin I.G., Gostev A.V. Modern approach to tillage systematization in agricultural technologies of new generation. Achievements of.science and technology in.agribusiness. 2016; 30(1): 5‒8 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/tlfaht

2. Kozlova L.M., Popov F.A., Noskova E.N., Denisova A.V. Technologies of growing of spring grain-forage crops in central part of European North-East of Russia. Romaniuk W. (ed.). Problems of intensification of animal production including environment protection and alternative energy production as well as biogas. Falenty; Warsaw: Institute of.Technology and Life Sciences. Branch Warsaw. 2018; 67‒74 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/uzokxv

3. Zhuchenko A.A. Ensuring Russia’s foods security in the 21st century based on an adaptive strategy for the sustainable development of agriculture: (theory and practice). Kirov: Scientific Research Institute of.Agriculture of.the Northeast. 2009; 273 (in Russian). ISBN 978-5-7352-0121-2

4. Sandukhadze B.I. et al. Varieties of winter wheat from the center of the Non-Chernozem region of the Russian Federation and the realization of their potential in production conditions. Achievements and prospects of.scientific support of.the agro-industrial complex of.the Central region of.Russia. Proceedings of.the scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 80th anniversary of.the Moscow Research Institute of.Agriculture “Nemchinovka”. Moscow: Voskhod-A. 2012; 55‒59 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/zfxrnv

5. Sandukhadze B.I., Mamedov R.Z., Krakhmaleva M.S., Bugrova V.V. Yield of winter bread wheat varieties, elements of its structure and adaptive properties in the conditions of the Nechernozem zone. Legumes and groat crops. 2021; (3): 17–22 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.24412/2309-348X-2021-3-17-22

6. Fomin V.N., Kozin A.M., Mardiev I.I., Husnutdinov R.G. Influence of various application schemes of macro- and micro-fertilizers and growth stimulants on soil water regime and consumption, winter wheat grain yield and its class. Bulletin.Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2022; 7(2): 19–29 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.55471/19973225_2022_7_2_19

7. Vasin V.G., Trifonov D.I., Saniev R.N. Indicators of corn photosynthesis cultivated for targeted yield. Bulletin.Samara State Agricultural Academy. 2022; 7(2): 3–10 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.55471/19973225_2022_7_2_3

8. Rusek P., Mikos-Szymańska M., Karsznia M., Sienkiewicz-Cholewa U., Igras J. The effectiveness of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilization in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation. Bulgarian Journal of.Agricultural Science. 2016; 22(5): 752–755.

9. Koshelyayev V.V., Karpova L.V. The influence of technology elements on yield and sowing quality of winter wheat seeds. Niva Povolzhya. 2019; (4): 60‒66 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/tcvqqz

10. Simsek S. et al. Effect of pre-harvest sprouting on physicochemical cheges of proteins in wheat. Journal of.the Science of.Food and Agriculture. 2014; 94(2): 205‒212. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6229

11. Kulikova А.Kh., Yashin Е.А., Volkova Е.S. Siliceous rocks in winter wheat fertilizer system. Vestnik of.Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. 2020; (3): 53‒59 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.18286/1816-4501-2020-3-53-59

12. Ivenin A.V., Ivenin V.V., Shubina K.V., Sakov A.P. The influence of the technology of cultivation of fallow lands on the yield and energy efficiency of growing grain crops in the conditions of the south-east of the Volga-Vyatka region. Agrarian science. 2022; (7‒8): 121‒125 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-361-7-8-212-125

13. Vejan P., Abdullah R., Khadiran T., Ismail S., Nasrulhaq Boyce A. Role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in Agricultural Sustainability — A Review. Molecules. 2016; 21(5): 573. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21050573

14. Nasiyev B.N., Zhylkybay A.M., Bekkaliyev A.K., Zhanatalapov N.Zh., Bekkaliyeva A.K. The use of safflower crops (Carthamus tincforius) for phytomelioration of dark chestnut soils in Western Kazakhstan. Agrarian science. 2022; (3): 62–65 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2022-357-3-62-65

15. Tedeeva A.A., Tedeeva V.V. Efficiency of using mineral fertilizers and herbicides on winter wheat crops. Agrarian science. 2023; 1(10): 95–99 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-375-10-95-99