Beta-casein gene polymorphism in Jersey cattle in the Stavropol region
https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2025-396-07-107-113
Abstract
The study of polymorphisms in genes affecting milk composition and properties is of significant importance for dairy cattle breeding. The CSN2 (CASB) gene, encoding beta-casein, attracts particular attention due to the suggested influence of its allelic variants on human health and the technological properties of milk. This study investigated the polymorphism of the CSN2 gene in Jersey cows (n = 361) in the Stavropol region. DNA analysis was performed using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which revealed two alleles — A1 (CASBА) and A2 (CASBC). The A2 allele was found to be predominant (0.61) over the A1 allele (0.39). Three genotypes were detected: A1A1, A2A1, and A2A2. The most common genotype was A2A1, found in 278 animals. The observed genotype distribution differed significantly from that expected under Hardy — Weinberg equilibrium (χ² = 137.77, p < 0.001) due to a substantial excess of A1A2 heterozygotes (observed heterozygosity 0.7695, expected 0.4760). The A1A1 genotype was extremely rare (2 individuals). This observed genetic structure is a direct consequence of the ongoing breeding program aimed at increasing the frequency of the A2 allele in the herd. Cows with the A1A1 genotype had a significantly higher milk protein yield per 100 kg of live weight compared to cows with the A2A2 and A2A1 genotypes (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences between genotypes were found for other milk production traits (daily milk yield, milk fat yield, total milk fat and protein yield). The obtained results are important for understanding the genetic structure of the Jersey cattle population and for evaluating the prospects of selection based on the beta-casein gene.
Supporting agencies: The research was carried out as part of the implementation of a subsidy from the federal budget for financial support of the state assignment for the provision of public services (performance of work) dated April 25, 2024 No. 082-03-2024-220/3.
About the Authors
S. A. Oleinik
Stavropol State Agrarian University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sergey Alexandrovich Oleinik, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Senior Researcher
12 Zootechnical Lane, Stavropol, 355017
A. V. Lesnyak
Stavropol State Agrarian University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Artem Vasilyevich Lesnyak, Graduate Student
12 Zootechnical Lane, Stavropol, 355017
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For citations:
Oleinik S.A., Lesnyak A.V. Beta-casein gene polymorphism in Jersey cattle in the Stavropol region. Agrarian science. 2025;(7):107-113. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2025-396-07-107-113
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