Продуктивность и иммунная реактивность мелкого рогатого скота разных генотипов

Современные методы породообразования в животноводстве актуализируют задачу изучения влияния генетических факторов на продуктивные качества сельскохозяйственных животных. В рамках настоящего исследования проведен анализ взаимосвязи полиморфизма генов-кандидатов с показателями мясной продуктивности и иммунного статуса у овец. Методом ПЦР-ПДРФ осуществлено генотипирование по локусам GH, GDF9 и CAST в выборке горных дагестанских овец. Установлены статистически значимые ассоциации между генетическими вариантами и изучаемыми признаками. Животные с генотипами GH/HaeIII AB и GDF9/AsplEIAA характеризовались повышенным уровнем CD4+-лимфоцитов и сниженным содержанием CD8+-клеток, что обусловило более высокие значения иммунорегуляторного индекса по сравнению с носителями генотипов GH/HaeIII AA и GDF9/AsplEIGG. В ходе анализа продуктивных качеств выявлено преимущество генотипа CASTMM над CASTMN по показателям живой массы. Аналогичная закономерность установлена для генотипа GHAA в сравнении с GHAB. Полученные данные демонстрируют перспективность использования молекулярно-генетических маркеров в селекционных программах для одновременного улучшения продуктивных характеристик и укрепления иммунного статуса овец. 

1. Rani C. et al. Genetic variation in host immune response to major infectious diseases in bovines and its application in animal breeding: a review. Exploratory Animal and Medical Research. 2023; 13(2): 146‒157. https://doi.org/10.52635/eamr/13.2.146-157

2. Kosimov M.A., Yuldashbaev Yu.A., Kosimov A.M., Pogosyan G.A., Mamedov A.A.оgl. Trends in the development of sheep breeding in the world. Sheep, goats, wool business. 2025; (1): 3–5 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.26897/2074-0840-2025-1-3-5

3. Chernobay E.N., Rezun N.A., Onishchenko O.N., Ismailov I.S. Current state and methods of increasing sheep productivity. Genomics and biotechnology in agriculture: a collection of scientific articles based on the materials of the plenary session of the 88th scientific and practical conference of the Stavropol State Agricultural University “Agrarian Science — to the North Caucasus Federal Districtt”. Stavropol: Stavropol State Agrarian University. 2023; 48–52 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/crjwgj

4. Samusenko L.D., Mamaev A.V., Khimicheva S.N., Rodina N.D., Sergeeva E.Yu. A model of bioenergetic assessment and forecasting of wool productivity in sheep breeding. Agrarian science. 2025; (9): 54–61 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2025-398-09-54-61

5. Yuldashbaev Yu.A., Korneenko-Zhilyaeva S.A., Pakhomova E.V., Naumenko I.B. Prospects for the development of meat and dairy sheep breeding. Zootechnical and veterinary science — the basis for the innovative development of animal husbandry in Russia. Collection of articles, based on the materials of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Institute of Animal Science and Biology of the Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. Moscow: Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. 2024; 128–133 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/nqqphm

6. Eusebi P.G., Martinez A., Cortes O. Genomic Tools for Effective Conservation of Livestock Breed Diversity. Diversity. 2019; 12(1): 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12010008

7. Galanova E.S., Bobryshov S.S., Karpova E.D. Current trends and prospects for the development of sheep breeding productivity by crossing domestically selected ewes with imported rams. Promising developments of young scientists in the field of veterinary medicine, production and processing of agricultural products. Stavropol: Stavropol State Agrarian University. 2024; 103–108 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/tdvohv

8. Golaev Sh.Kh., Galanova E.S., Bondar A.V., Filipenkova V.A. Prospects for linear breeding in sheep breeding. Promising developments of young scientists in the field of veterinary medicine, production and processing of agricultural products. Stavropol: Stavropol State Agrarian University. 2024; 48–51 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/bcssvx

9. Abdurasulov A.Kh., Kalandarov M.A., Rebezov M.B., Kosilov V.I. Live weight and body features of Ala-Too sheep. Agrarian science. 2025; (10): 71–80 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2025-399-10-71-80

10. Baranova N.S., Furaeva N.S., Zvereva E.A., Korolev A.A., Vorobyeva S.S. Determination of optimal blood parameters for the Brown Swiss breed when improving Kostroma breed cattle. Dairy and Beef Cattle Farming. 2024; (4): 13‒18 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.33943/MMS.2024.51.19.003

11. Andrienko D.A., Traisov B.B., Rebezov M.B., Galieva Z.A. Morphological composition of carcasses of young Stavropol sheep in the Southern Urals. Science and Education. 2020; 3–1(60): 20–25 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/gpvhdc

12. Dnekeshev A.K., Musa R.K. Ratio of hot carcass and by-products to live weight at different ages of castration of rams. Modern problems and technologies in animal husbandry. Collection of works based on the results of the All-Russian (national) scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the birth of the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honorary Worker of the Higher Professional Education of the Russian Federation, Head of the Department of Breeding Farm Animals (from 1981 to 1991), Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy L.P. Prakhov. Nizhny Novgorod: Nizhny Novgorod State Agrotechnological University named after L.Ya. Florentyev. 2024; 112–118 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/xheltc

13. Belookova O.V., Rebezov M.B., Lennikova M.G., Zyablitseva M.A. Influence of zoohygienic parameters on meat productivity of pigs. Bulletin of Osh State University. Agriculture: agronomy, veterinary science and animal husbandry. 2024; 4(9): 52–64 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.52754/16948696_2024_4(9)_8

14. Gritsenko S.A., Belookov A.A., Ermolov S.M., Rebezov M.B., Gritsenko M.D. Exterior indicators of maternal breed pigs at different stages of ontogenesis. Agrarian science. 2025; (9): 45–53 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2025-398-09-45-53

15. Sahib M.R., AL-Jaryan I.L., Al-Thuwaini T.M. GDF9 gene c. 260G > A mutation and sheep litter size: a meta-analysis. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society. 2024; 75(2): 7493–7500. https://doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.35128

16. Guseinova Z.M. New candidate genes associated with meat productivity traits in sheep. Current problems and prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Dagestan. Proceedings of the regional scientific and practical conference. Makhachkala: Individual entrepreneur S.A. Magomedaliev. 2024; 70–74 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/tlvhgm

17. Krivoruchko A.Yu., Skokova A.V., Yatsyk O.A., Kanibolotskaya A.A. Modern approaches to the genetic identification of farm animal breeds (review). Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2021; 22(3): 317‒328 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.3.317-328

18. Alieva P.O. A new approach to the selection of candidate genes in sheep breeding. Actual problems and prospects for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Dagestan: Proceedings of the regional scientific and practical conference. Makhachkala: Individual entrepreneur S.A. Magomedaliev. 2024; 34–39 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/pnaswe

19. Nikonova E.A. et al. Efficiency of growing purebred and crossbred rams. Journal of Osh State University. Agriculture: agronomy, veterinary and zootechnics. 2023; (4): 164–170 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.52754/16948696_2023_4_24

20. Gerasimova T.G., Rebezov M.B., Lukin E.V. Wool productivity of sheep of different genotypes. Actual problems of intensive development of animal husbandry. Collection of papers based on the materials of the national scientific and practical conference with international participation, dedicated to the memory of the Honored Worker of Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Honorary Worker of Higher professional education of the Russian Federation, honorary citizen of the Bryansk region, Doctor of Biology, Professor E.P. Vashchekin. Bryansk: Bryansk State Agrarian University. 2022; 300–303 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/fkpdfx

21. Kosilov V.I. et al. The effect of the genotype of young sheep on the nitrogen balance. Agrarian science. 2025; (4): 81–87 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2025-393-04-81-87

22. Milchevsky V.D., Dvalishvili V.G., Zhiryakov A.M. On inbreeding and rotations in pair selection in sheep flocks. Sheep, goats, wool business. 2017; (2): 4–7 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/yrrkuv

23. Lakota E.A., Vorontsova O.A. Exterior-productive indicators of Stavropol breed sheep aged 13–14 months with inbreeding selection. Agrarian science. 2023; (8): 65–71 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-373-8-65-71

24. Dzhatdoev Kh.M., Erkenov T.A. Polymorphism of non-coding sequences in Karachai sheep. Agrarian science. 2024; (12): 109–112 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-389-12-109-112

25. Daveteeva M.A. Modern methods of genotyping in animal husbandry. A modern view on the development of the fishing industry complex. Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference (within the framework of the ”Priority 2030” program). Makhachkala: Dagestan State Agrarian University named after M.M. Dzhambulatov. 2024; 286–297 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/iwyrso

26. Zabelina M.V., Amiyan A.A. Evaluation of the slaughter indicators of the Edilbaevsky sheep breed depending on the milk productivity of sheep. Agrarian science. 2024; (8): 112–117 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2024-385-8-112-117

27. Moroz V.A., Chernobai E.N., Novgorodova N.A., Serdyukov I.G. Live weight and exterior characteristics of sheep from homogeneous and heterogeneous selection. Bulletin of the Kurgan State Agricultural Academy. 2017; 2(22): 51–53 (in Russian).

28. Lakota E.A. The influence of parental age on the productive qualities of offspring sheep. Agrarian science. 2025; (7): 57–61 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2025-396-07-57-61

29. Zinovieva N.A. et al. Genome-wide SNP analysis clearly distinguished the Belarusian Red cattle from other European cattle breeds. Animal Genetics. 2021; 52(5): 720–724. https://doi.org/10.1111/age.13102

30. Petherbridge G. et al. Verkhnee Gakvari: The contribution of adat, religious beliefs and public education to collective environmental management in an agro‐pastoral community in the Dagestan high Caucasus. South of Russia: ecology, development. 2021; 16(3): 142‒179. https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2021-3-142-179

31. Prozherin V.P., Yaluga V.L. Kholmogorskaya breed. Dairy and Beef Cattle Farming. 2020; (7): 10 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/brmwde

32. Pelmuş R.Ş., Grosu H., Rotar M.C., Gras M.A., Lazăr C., Popa F. The Genetic Influence on Sheep Meat Quality, Growth and Body Weight: A Review. Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research. 2020; 39(3): 225‒231. https://doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.DR-176

33. El-Mansy S.A. et al. The growth hormone gene polymorphism and its relationship to performance and carcass features in Egyptian Awassi lambs. Heliyon. 2023; 9(3): e14194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14194

34. Tanış A.N., Keskin İ. Association between growth hormone gene polymorphism and some growth traits in Akkaraman and Anatolian Merino sheep. Molecular Biology Reports. 2024; 52: 54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-024-10126-2

35. Dagdelen U., Esenbuga N. Association of GH/HaeIII polymorphism with growth and developmental traits of Morkaraman sheep. Archives Animal Breeding. 2025; 68(3): 575–587. https://doi.org/10.5194/aab-68-575-2025

36. Greguła-Kania M., Gruszecki T.M., Junkuszew A., Juszczuk-Kubiak E., Florek M. Association of CAST gene polymorphism with carcass value and meat quality in two synthetic lines of sheep. Meat Science. 2019; 154: 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2019.04.007

37. Jawasreh K.I., Al-Amareen A.H., Aad P.Y. Relationships between Hha1 Calpastatin Gene Polymorphism, Growth Performance, and Meat Characteristics of Awassi Sheep. Animals. 2019; 9(9): 667. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090667

38. Daldaban F., Karakus F., Arslan K., Cinar M.U., Akyuz B. The Role of DGAT1-AluI and CAST-MspI Polymorphisms in Early Growth Traits of Morkaraman Lambs. Veterinary Medicine and Science. 2025; 11(3): e70395. https://doi.org/10.1002/vms3.70395

39. Zhang Y. et al. Association of BMP15 and GDF9 Gene Polymorphisms with Litter Size in Hu Sheep. Genes. 2025; 16(2): 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16020168

40. Budiyanto A., Hartanto S., Widayanti R., Setyawan E.M.N., Wardono H.P., Gustari S. The relationship between G1 (c. 260 G > A) and G4 (c. 721 G > A) polymorphisms in the GDF9 gene and the litter size of sheep: A meta-analysis study. Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research. 2023; 10(4): 599–607. http://doi.org/10.5455/javar.2023.j715

41. Ozdemirov A.A., Chizhova L.N., Khozhokov A.A., Surzhikova E.S., Dogeev G.D., Abdulmagomedov S.Sh. Polymorphism of genes CAST, GH, GDF9 of sheep of the Dagestan mountain breed. South of Russia: ecology, development. 202116(2): 39‒44 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2021-2-39-44

42. Volkova V.V. et al. Investigation of the Genetic Diversity of Dagestan Mountain Cattle Using STR-Markers. Diversity. 2022; 14(7): 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/d14070569