Characterization of genetic structure and diversity of the Russian population of Hungarian Mangalica pigs based on whole-genome SNP genotyping

Modern industrial pig farming is based on highly productive breeds, however the globalization of breeding has reduced genetic diversity, increasing the vulnerability of the industry. In this context, native breeds such as the Hungarian Mangalitsa are valuable due to their unique adaptive and productive qualities. Previous genetic studies of this breed were limited to microsatellite and mitochondrial markers. However, in the context of the development of modern genomic technologies, the use of SNP analysis is of particular relevance. This study is the first to use SNP analysis to assess the genetic diversity of the Russian Mangalitsa population in comparison with the Hungarian population and commercial breeds (Duroc, Large White, Landrace), as well as wild boar. The obtained results showed that the Russian population of Mangalitsa retains high genetic variability (HO = 0,337 ± 0,001, AR = 1,952 ± 0,001), exceeding the indicators of the original Hungarian group (HO = 0,218 ± 0,001). PCA analysis confirmed the closeness of Russian and Hungarian Mangalitsa, as well as the absence of hybridization with commercial breeds. Cluster analysis revealed a genetic component of wild boar, which corresponds to the history of the breed formation. The Russian population of Mangalitsa is genetically similar to the Hungarian one and can serve as a valuable resource for selection, especially in conditions of adaptation to low temperatures. The data obtained are important for the conservation of biodiversity and the development of specialized pig breeding. 

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