Study of the preservation of genetic components of the ancestor of the Kostroma breed in modern populations based on the analysis of microsatellite markers

In modern realities, specialized breeds of livestock demonstrate the highest economic efficiency. However, there is a significant risk of losing the unique gene pool of domestic breeds. The Kostroma breed of cattle is an outstanding achievement of breeders and possesses a number of valuable qualities. One of the remarkable founders of the breed was the bull Salat 1216, the breed champion in 1954. The breeding line of Salat 1216 still has great genetic potential.

The objectives of the work are a comparative study of museum and modern samples of Kostroma cattle, an analysis of the preservation and prevalence of the genetic components of the Lettuce 1216 bull in the modern population of the breed.

The material consisted of fragments of the tooth of bull Salat 1216. Historical samples of the Kostroma (KSTRM_H, n = 3) and Brown Swiss (BRSW_H, n = 5) breeds, dated to the first half of the 20th century, were used as comparison groups, along with modern samples of the Kostroma breed (KSTRM, n = 60) and samples of the Brown Swiss breed from two populations: those bred in Russia (BRSW, n = 23) and those bred in Germany (BRSW_G, n = 57). Nine microsatellite markers were genotyped. Data analysis was conducted using the GenAlEx program and the R programming environment. The allele profile of Salat 1216 matched the profile of KSTRM_H at 6 out of 9 loci, and at 4 out of 9 loci with the profile of KSTRM. In the modern Kostroma breed, genetic components characteristic of bull Salat 1216 predominated (on average, 64.82%). The studies showed the distinctiveness of the genetic profile of the founder of the Kostroma breed, bull Salat 1216, from the improving Brown Swiss breed and confirmed the preservation of the genetic components in modern populations of the Kostroma breed. 

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