Green biomass yield, structure, and quality of maize hybrid harvests at different planting dates under the conditions of the Republic of Tyva

Relevance. For the successful development of animal husbandry, field forage production is an essential factor. Under the challenging weather and climatic conditions of the Republic of Tyva, a comparative study of the yield and quality of green mass of maize hybrids is of particular importance. The objects of research were the domestic hybrids Koryfey (St), Ross 140 sv, KS 178 sv, Ross 199 mv, Ross 130 mv, KR 194 mv, and the ultra-early hybrid population Rossiyskaya 2.

The aim of the study was to identify maize hybrids with the highest yield and to determine the optimal sowing dates.

Methods. The establishment and implementation of the field trial were carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Methods of State Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops and commonly accepted methodological recommendations for conducting maize field trials. Statistical analysis was performed according to B.A. Dospekhov.

Results. In a two-factor field experiment on dark chestnut light loamy soils under arid and highly arid vegetation periods (HTC 0.45–0.77), it was revealed that the green mass yield of all maize hybrids, except KS 178 sv, exceeded that of the zoned hybrid Koryfey. The optimal sowing dates were early (10 May) and medium (21 May). The highest green mass yield (65.3–66.5 t/ha) was obtained from the hybrid population Rossiyskaya 2, which was also characterized by a relatively high output of dry matter (22.2–22.9 t/ha), metabolizable energy (263.9–275.0 GJ/ha), the highest accumulation of digestible protein (944.9–976.6 kg/ha), and its supply per feed unit (36.6–42.6 g). In terms of yield and the complex of nutritional value indicators, along with the hybrid Koryfey and the hybrid population Rossiyskaya 2, the hybrids Ross 199 mv, Ross 130 mv, and Ross 140 sv are recommended for cultivation in the conditions of the Republic of Tyva.

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