Негативное воздействие микропластика на здоровье сельскохозяйственных животных и качество продукции животноводства

В данном обзоре был проведен анализ научной литературы, посвященной воздействию микропластика на здоровье жвачных, свиней и птиц, а также на их продуктивные показатели и характеристики мясной продукции. Результаты контролируемых экспериментов свидетельствуют о локальном негативном воздействии микропластика на состояние здоровья скота и птицы, проявляющемся в виде окислительного стресса, воспалительных процессов и апоптоза, возникающих после краткосрочного воздействия концентраций, превышающих типичные для окружающей среды. Остается невыясненным, оказывает ли микропластик системное влияние на заболеваемость, продуктивность и общее состояние животных при уровнях воздействия, близких к естественным. Наличие микропластика в тканях сельхозживотных и птиц в концентрациях, которые потенциально могут вызывать опасения у потребителей, указывает на возможную проблему безопасности пищевой продукции. Используемые методы обнаружения микропластика подвержены за грязнениям, что создает неопределенность в отношении истинных концентраций, а также в отношении источников микропластика: является ли он результатом производственного процесса, переработки или упаковки мяса. Существующие данные не позволяют установить корреляцию между воздействием микропластика и продуктивностью животных, не дают полной картины общего количества и типов микропластика, который оказывает влияние на сельскохозживотных и птиц. Сегодня отсутствуют исследования, посвященные изучению источников микропластика и разработке эффективных мер по снижению его воздействия в цепочках поставок животноводческой продукции. Предварительные данные указывают на то, что микропластик может выступать в качестве переносчика тяжелых металлов, антибиотиков, генов устойчивости к антибиотикам и микроорганизмов. Необходимы дальнейшие исследования для количественной оценки воздействия микропластика в качестве переносчика загрязняющих веществ. Присутствие микропластика в системах производства животноводческой и птицеводческой продукции представляет собой потенциальную угрозу благополучию животных, их продуктивности и восприятию мясной продукции потребителями.

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