Impact of Sowing Dates and Sowing Rates on Grain Yield Structure of Promising Pea Varieties in the Republic of Dagestan

Relevance. Leguminous crops are the main source of plant protein in the world, and in the Russian Federation this is sown peas. In the technology of cultivars of this crop, especially in new cultivation areas, an important role in the formation of high yields is played by the establishment of optimal sowing dates and sowing rates. Therefore, the purpose of the field experiment was to determine the most effective combination of sowing dates and sowing rates, which ensures the highest yield of promising varieties of sown peas.

Methods. Empirical studies are represented by field observations, surveys and analyses aimed at realizing the goal of the field experiment.

Results. As a result of research, the influence of the studied factors on the density of crops, growth processes, photosynthetic activity of crops, yield and adaptability of promising varieties was revealed. It was established that the timing of sowing had the greatest impact on the yield structure of pea grain. When sowing in the 1st decade of March, the mass of grain from one plant increases, mainly due to an increase in the number of beans. The inverse correlation between the seeding rate and the grain weight from one plant and the number of beans was noted. The combination of the earliest sowing period and the average sowing rate (1.4 million pcs./ha) ensures that the selection varieties of the Nemchinovka Federal Research Center Nemchinovsky 50 and Nemchinovsky 100 harvest at the level of 5 tons/ha, however, the Nemchinovsky 50 variety has the best adaptability to specific soil and climatic conditions, since it has the lowest score according to the results of the comprehensive rating 

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