Genetic potential and productive qualities of Swiss cattle under different selection strategies

The purpose of this study is to study the influence of various selection systems on the genetic potential and productive qualities of Swiss cattle. Inbred first-calf heifers produce 105 kg more milk, 0.03% more milk fat, and 0.01% more protein than outbred heifers. The difference in protein content in animal milk by lactation is not statistically significant and is within 0.01–0.02%. The maximum productivity of outbred individuals is 122 kg less than that of inbred individuals. The milk yield of animals with a moderate degree of inbreeding has increased compared to outbred animals and animals with a distant degree of kinship. The slight variability of the coefficient of variation of productive indicators indicates that the productive characteristics of animals are equal under different selection systems. Interline crossbreeding is used to increase herd productivity and improve the genetic characteristics of the population Among the daughters of the Amur 3033 line of bulls with a moderate degree of inbreeding and a genetic similarity coefficient of 12.5%, as well as among the herd’s descendants of the Nelsland 3135 bull in the IV–IV line of the pedigree, the highest milk yield was observed. In terms of milk fat content (4.37%) and protein content (3.54%), the animals of the Concentrate 106157 related groups, which were inbred on the Emory 181329 (IV–V) bull with a genetic similarity coefficient of 9.3%, demonstrated an advantage. During the study period, inbred and outbred animals of this herd had low heritability of productive traits.

1. Listratenkova V.I., Klopkova N.M., Prokhorenkova Yu.A. Dairy cattle breeding at the present stage of development. Agricultural science and innovative development of agriculture: state, problems and prospects. Collection of materials of the international scientific conference. Smolensk: Smolensk State Agricultural Academy. 2024; 2: 283–287 (in Russian). EDN DMCUVR

2. Sysoinkova D.V., Prishchep E.A., Gerasimova A.S. The effect of the parental combination on the off spring productivity in connection with inbreeding. Agrarian Scientific Journal. 2025; (5): 65–71 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2025i5pp65-71

3. Kitaev Yu.A. Current state of Russian dairy cattle breeding. Machinery and technologies in livestock. 2020; (4): 101–104 (in Russian). EDN ZJCQEB

4. Krivoruchko A.Y., Skokova A.V., Yatsyk O.A., Kanibolotskaya A.A. Modern approaches to the genetic identification of farm animal breeds (review). Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2021; 22(3): 317–328 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.30766/2072-9081.2021.22.3.317-328

5. Sokolova E.G. The use of breeding and genetic parameters of productivity in the breeding brown Swiss breed. Regional aspects of the introduction of innovative technologies in the field of agricultural production. Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference. Tver: Federal Scientific Center for Bast Crops. 2024; 38–46 (in Russian). EDN SCQLIK

6. Listratenkova V.I., Fedoseyenkova L.V. The current state of dairy cattle breeding. Agricultural science and innovative development of agriculture: state, problems and prospects. Collection of materials of the international scientific conference. Smolensk: Smolensk State Agricultural Academy. 2024; 2: 288–291 (in Russian). EDN ACKZWP

7. Gorelik O.V., Yurchenko N.A., Harlap S.Yu. Efficiency of milk production by cows depending on the level of inbreeding. Vestnik Biotechnology. 2020; (1): 8 (in Russian). EDN GNFYUT

8. Shalnev O.V., Kharlap S.Yu., Gorelik A.S., Gorelik O.V., Rebezov M.B. Features of dairy productivity of cows depending on age and selection. Agrarian science. 2026; (1): 77–84 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2026-402-01-77-84

9. Zyryanova S.V., Lapina M.Y. Inbreeding, its influence on the economically valuable characteristics of Yaroslavl breed. The Bulletin. Donskoy State Agrarian University. 2019; (4-1): 37‒44 (in Russian). EDN MPLTSR

10. Baranova N.S., Baranov A.V., Podrechneva I.U. The use of inbreeding at keeping of farm families of Kostroma breed. Agricultural Science Euro-North-East. 2016; (6): 51–55 (in Russian). EDN WZIRPH

11. Lyubimov A.I., Yudin V.M., Nikitin K.P. The results of the use of kin selection in the breeding of dairy cattle breeding plants of the Udmurt Republic and the Sverdlovsk region. Veterinary, Zootechnics and Biotechnology. 2015; (4): 22–29 (in Russian). EDN TQIWXV

12. Shendakov A.I., Shendakova T.A., Kolobanova V.N. Monitoring the spread of inbreeding in dairy herds in the Orel region. Vestnik of Kursk State Agricultural Academy. 2018; (6): 88–94 (in Russian). EDN YMHPNR

13. Gerasimova A.S., Sysoinkova D.V. The effect of homogeneous selection on the reproductive qualities of cows of the Sychev breed. International Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2025; (1): 333–342 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.52419/issn2072-2419.2025.1.333

14. Kharlap S.Yu., Gorelik A.S., Gorelik O.V., Rebezov M.B. Reproductive qualities of cows with varying degrees of inbred. Agrarian science. 2025; (4): 88–94 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2025-393-04-88-94

15. Gorelik A.S., Gorelik O.V., Rebezov M.B., Kharlap S.Yu. Dairy productivity of cows-daughters of Holstein bulls-producers. Agrarian science. 2025; (7): 85–91 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2025-396-07-85-91

16. Popov N.A., Simonov G.A., Shichkin G.I., Khalizova Z.N. Evaluation of stud bulls in the breeding system of the breeding herd. Effektivnoye zhivotnovodstvo. 2021; (5): 87–90 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.24412/cl-33489-2021-5-87-90

17. Kuzyakina L.I. Inbriding influence on economic characteristics in dairy cattle breeding. Vestnik Vyatskoy GSKhA. 2021; (2): 6 (in Russian). EDN OXELEX

18. Listratenkova V.I., Smirnova Ye.S. Breed characteristics of dairy cows. The place and role of agricultural science in ensuring the country’s food security. Collection of materials of the International scientific conference. Smolensk: Smolensk State Agricultural Academy. 2022; 2: 223–227 (in Russian). EDN IFVKMV

19. Gontov M.E., Prishchep E.A. Inbriding in selection herds Brown Swiss cows. Agrarian Scientific Journal. 2024; (11): 77–85 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.28983/asj.y2024i11pp77-85

20. Tatueva O.V., Tselueva N.I. The efficiency of breeding Brown Swiss cows in the conditions of the Smolensk region. Modern achievements and current problems of animal husbandry. Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Faculty of Biotechnology and the Departments of Genetics and Breeding of Farm Animals, Production Technology and Mechanization of Livestock, Feeding of Farm Animals. Vitebsk: Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 2023; 90–94 (in Russian). EDN HRUJZE

21. Gorelik A.S. et al. Evaluation of variability of dairy characteristics of cows depending on lactation activity. Agrarian science. 2026; (2): 60–67 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2026-403-02-60-67

22. Sokolova Ye.G., Pavlov I.Ya. The influence of origin on the level of manifestation of the highest productivity of cows of the Brown Swiss breed of intensive type. Sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex as the basis of food security. Collection of materials of the II International scientific conference. Smolensk: Smolensk State Agricultural Academy. 2024; 224–230 (in Russian). EDN GSKKXD

23. Anisimova E.I. Bulls-manufacturers assessment of the Simmental cattle main lines on daughters productivity. Agrarian Bulletin of the Urals. 2019; (3): 22–27 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32417/article_5ce3fa1bbc4376.84350350

24. Katmakov P.S., Anisimova E.I. The heritability of intra-breed types and their relationship with breeding signs. Vestnik of Ulyanovsk State Agricultural Academy. 2016; (1): 89–93 (in Russian). EDN WAGNYJ