The role of traditional and new Introduced fodder crops

Despite innovative scientific developments the availability of livestock for feed remains insufficient. In most farms the deficit of high-quality vegetable feed does not allow to balance the diets for feeding farm animals for important indicators, especially energy and protein. Taking into account the crucial importance of the food base in the further intensification of livestock production in the Bashkortostan with the recommendation of the Bashkir Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture developed comprehensive measures to increase production of feed and vegetable protein. In solve the deficiency of fodder protein, lupine plays an important role, where the protein content in the grain consists 38-49% and in green mass 20-23%. The main oil crop and the most important source of high-protein feed for livestock production is rape seeds. Seeds of rape cake contain 42-49% of oil and 22-35% of protein. The scientific and economic experiments carried out in 2014- 2015 in the Ufa pilot production farm proved that when 1 kg of rape cake was fed to the cows instead of the same amount of concentrates, the milk productivity of cows increased by 12%. In the increase of resources of fodder protein and increase in its quality an important role belongs to perennial grasses, of which the long-term leguminous grasses - galega orientalis, lucerne, sweet clover, sainfoin, etc., are of special value. Use in the diet silage from galega orientalis helps to increase the average daily growth in experimental animals 12,5-14%. With a deficiency in sugar rations sorghum is especially valuable. Sugar sorghum is an excellent component for joint crops with maize in a silage and green conveyor system. Sorghum more than other crops accumulates exchange energy and has among the silage crops the highest coefficient of energy efficiency. In the conditions of Chishma pilot production farm, where sorghum with maize was used, the growth of calves compared to the animals of the control group was 9,5% higher.

кормопроизводство, кормовая база, кормовые культуры, бобовозлаковые смеси, многолетние травы, сено, сенаж, силос, комбикорма, концентраты, рацион, переваримый протеин, обменная энергия, сухое вещество, белок, энергетический коэффициент, аминокислоты, сахар, жир, лизин, макро- и микроэлементы, витамины, feed production, fodder base, forage crops, legume-cereal mixtures, perennial grasses, hay, silage, mixed fodder, concentrates, ration, digestible protein, exchange energy, dry matter, protein, energy factor, amino acids, sugar, fat, lysine, macro-and microelements, vitamins

1. Петров Б. И., Габитов И. А., Саетгалиев З. И. и др. Система ведения агропромышленного производства по зонам Башкирской АССР. - Уфа, 1991. - 518 с.

2. Михайличенко Б. П., Бикбулатов З. Г., Новоселов Ю. К. и др. Кормовые ресурсы России и пути рационального их использования. Уфа, 1995. - 105 с.

3. Бикбулатов З. Г., Еникеев Р. С. и др. Рекомендации.Возделывание козлятника восточного на корм и семена в условиях Башкортостана. - Уфа, 1995. - 20 с.

4. Иванова О. М., Гатауллина Г. Г., Цыгуткин А. С. и др. ООО НПО «Сад и огород» РГАУ-МСХА им. К. А. Тимирязева, ВНИИ Люпина РАСХН. - М., 2014. - 37 с.

5. Зарипова Г. К., Еникеев Р. С., Шакирзянов А. Х. и др.Высокопродуктивные кормовые культуры и их семеноводство. - Уфа, 2016. - 24 с.

6. Аллабердин И. Л., Фенченко Н. Г. и др. Научно обоснованная система минерального питания крупного рогатого скота по зонам Республики Башкорстостан. - Уфа, 2006. - 48 с.