Soft spring wheat breeding for septoriosis resistance

Septoria is one of the main pathogens that cause great harm to the production of wheat in the Northern Trans-Urals, where during epiphytotic years it reduces the absolute mass of the grain (mass 1000 grain) by 28-46% and the yield to 50% or more. The most effective method to combat the pathogen is the creation of varieties of soft spring wheat with horizontal resistance and hardiness to the pathogen. The purpose of the research: - to study an extended set of variety samples of various ecological and geographical origin and to identify yield genotypes well adapted to local conditions, with a complex of economically valuable traits. In artificially created provocative conditions and in the years of epiphytotics of septoria, evaluate genotypes for resistance to the pathogen, isolate immune forms and recommend them as sources for creating varieties resistant and hardiness to septoriosis. By accumulating additive components of horizontal immunity, create genotypes that are resistant and hardiness to the pathogen. The tasks of the study included the detection of morphological traits that counteract infection with spores of Septoria; creation and evaluation of pathogen-resistant genotypes. Studies were conducted in 2015-2018. on the basis of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Northern Trans-Ural - a branch of the Tyumen Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of RAS. The research material is 420 variety samples of the VIR collection of various ecological and geographical origin and220 lines of competitive variety testing of local breeding. The local population of septoria was used as inoculum. As a result of research, it was revealed that horizontal stability is due to a smooth, elastic cuticule and thickened epidermis, which is typical for resistant varieties: k-64893, 64891, k-64895 (China), k-64980 and k-64976 (Canada), which is typical and for the hardiness: K-65813 (China), K-66031, K-66032, K-66033 (Switzerland). In genotypes created locally, horizontal resistance to septoria is depends on the degree and quality of pubescence of leaves and vaginas, strong wax coating on stems, leaves, ears, and thickened epidermis, which is characteristic of stable lines: Grenada, Lutescens 463 SP-2/15, Erythrospermum 314 SP-2/15 and Erythrospermum 405 SP-2/15 and five hardiness, including variety Atlanta-1. The variety Grenada is registered by the State Commission of varieties testing from 2019 to 9 regions (Ural) of the Russian Federation, Atlanta-1 since 2018 is studied in the State Commission.

яровая пшеница, сорт, иммунитет, септориоз, вегетация, масса 1000 зерен, урожайность, spring wheat, varieties, immunity, septoria fungus, vegetation, 1000 grains weight, yield