Sources of majority and resistance to diseases of spring wheat from the world gene fund of n.I. Vavilov all-russian institute of plant genetic resources (VIR) for breeding

The results of a long-term study of collection samples of spring wheat from the VIR gene pool are presented. By means of personal contacts a large specimen of Faraon (USA) was obtained. In the process of studying the varietal population, a biotype was isolated, which was improved by the desired economically valuable traits. The biotype of the Pharaoh is distinguished by a large grain, the mass of 1000 grains is 50-70 g. The protein content is 15-18%. The vitrification is 99%. At the same time it is resistant to a complex of diseases - powdery mildew, brown rust, enzymatic mycosis seed depletion (EMIS). Technological evaluation of the biotype showed the possibility of using it for macaroni purposes. BR-34 (Brazil) has been isolated biotype, studied biochemical and technological properties. Origin of samples from Russia, USA, France, Mexico, India, Sweden, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Kenya, Australia, Belgium, Ukraine, Netherlands, Switzerland, Poland, Finland, Brazil, UK. Evaluation of the collection from different countries revealed the following: samples from Germany, the Netherlands, England, France, Sweden, Poland, the USA are late-ripening, short-stemmed, with a low mass of 1000 grains and yield. Samples from the USA stand out against brown rust. Samples from Mexico are short-stemmed. Samples from India are donors of short stalk and productivity. Highlighted samples on early maturity, coarse grain, short stalk, weight of 1000 grains, yield, resistance to diseases are recommended for use in breeding programs at the Moscow Research Institute of Nemchinovka and other research institutes.

пшеница яровая, коллекция, крупнозерность, скороспелость, короткостебельность, урожайность, масса 1000 зерен, болезни, spring wheat, collection, large grain, early maturity, short stalk, yield, weight of 1000 grains, diseases