Stem rust resistance of spring and wheat cultivars in natural infection in nonchernozem area of russian federation

Stem rust is one of the most harmful and destructive diseases of wheat in all areas of this crop cultivation. Effective methods to reduce the disease progress are the cultivation of resistant wheat cultivars and fungicide treatments. Annually in ARRIP infection nursery (Bolshie Vyazemy, Moscow Region) the spring and winter wheat cultivars of VIR collection there were evaluated for stem rust resistance to prevent the fungi spread on wheat crops in Russian Federation and recommend them to breeders as sources and donors of sustainability. During the period2015-2018 there were tested 515 spring and 250 winter wheat cultivars of VIR collection for stem rust resistance in the natural infectious background. Stem rust signs were the first observed in the wheat milky-wax stage. Winter wheat cultivars were affected by stem rust more than spring. At the end of the plant vegetation the intensities of disease severity a lot of winter wheat samples were revealed 80-100%, but the spring wheat barely was reached 25%. There only 8 winter wheat cultivars domestic and foreign selection were displayed resistance to stem rust. They were Tanais, Continent, Bogdanka, Nastya (Russia), Sarlota, Venistar (Slovakia), Samurai, Emmit (Germany). Disease was progressed more poorly in the spring wheat cultivars than in the winter wheat cultivars because we couldn’t clear evaluate spring wheat cultivars for stem rust resistance. The prevailing modern weather in the Central region is favorable not only for the survival of the fungus, but also for active development and reproduction. Potentially stem rust in the Nonchernozem area of the Russian Federation remains a problem for grain producers.

стеблевая ржавчина, пшеница, сорт, интенсивность поражения, устойчивость, восприимчивость, stem rust, wheat, cultivar, intensity of disease severity, resistance, susceptibility