Analysis of species diversity of fungi of the genus Fusarium

Abstract

Fungi of the genus Fusarium (class Deuteromycetes, order Hyphomycetales) are widely distributed in nature and occur everywhere. Most species of the genus are soil saprotrophs that live on dead plant residues, in the rhizosphere of plants, on the surface of roots. A wide range of adaptive reactions of this species causes the transition of some species to facultative parasitism and the existence of virulent races affecting higher plants. They cause rot of roots, seeds, fruits, tubers, roots. More than 200 species of cultivated and wild plants are affected, causing their tracheomycosis withering, growth retardation, root and stem rot, "black leg" of seedlings, etc., as a rule, plants weakened by adverse environmental factors are exposed to Infection. All forms of Fusarium progress at high temperatures and humidity. As a result, a collection of fungal microorganisms in the form of living samples, "palettes of regions", permanent drugs. The analysis of literature sources has allowed to conclude that more than 100 thousand species of fungi and fungi-like organisms are currently described. Their classification is constantly reviewed and improved due to the rapid development of molecular identification methods. Spores of fungi are transported by air currents and have no barriers to settlement. Therefore, the geographical distribution of mushrooms is carried out on the principle of "omnipresence": everything is everywhere, but the environment selects. The main factor of environment for fungi - nutrient substrate (saprotrophs), the host - plant (pathogens). Search for fungal organisms - objects to solve the problem must be carried out among the fungi associated with plants.