Pathogenic and phytotoxic properties of cereals root rot and black point agents in some areas of Russian Federation

Diseases of Root rot and Black point caused by fungi of genera Bipolaris, Fusarium and Alternaria are widespread and harmful in all territory of cereals cultivation in the Russian Federation. Species of these fungi are very variable by morphological, pathogenic and phytotoxic properties. Products of metabolism of these fungi lead to change of biochemical properties of the infected plants, causing specific symptoms of the disease. The purpose of researches was identification of degree of patogenicity and toxicity of fungi species causing Root rot and Black point from different agroclimatic regions of the country. In the laboratory of ARRIP State collection of phytopathogenic microorganisms there were determined pathogenic and toxic properties for 60 collection strains B. sorokiniana, F. oxysporum, F. heterosporum, F. sporotrichioides, F. gibbosum, F. culmorum, F. sambucinum, F. tricinctum, F. acuminatum, A. alternata, A. tenuissima. The fungal strains belonged to the populations from the Orenburg, Vladimir, Tula, Moscow, Krasnodar regions, the Republic of Mordovia, collected in 2012-2017. The pathogenicity and toxicity of fungal strains was studied using the bioassay method on seeds. The results allowed to conclude that all tested strains of fungi irrespective of their origin had pathogenic and toxic activity, causing inhibition of germination of wheat seeds, the development of the root system and the stems of the seedlings. The natural populations of genera Bipolaris, Fusarium and Alternaria are characterized by the presence of differing on patogenicity and toxicity species and strains that promotes their survival and adaptability to various agroclimatic conditions.

корневые гнили, черный зародыш, Fusarium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, штамм, патогенность, токсичность, Root rot, Black point, Fusarium, Bipolaris, Alternaria, strain, pathogenicity, toxicity