Influence of yellow rust on quality indicators of bread wheat grain (t. Aestivuml.)

In Azerbaijan, since 1996, especially in recent years, due to the epiphytotics of yellow rust, a sharp decline in the yield and quality of bread wheat has been observed. In this context, the objective of the research was to study the impact of yellow rust on the quality indicators of bread wheat. The material was the hybrid lines obtained from crossing with the Aran variety and the lines obtained from the reciprocal crossing of varieties (Irneriya x Complex hybrid). The experiments were conducted in the irrigated conditions of the Absheron Peninsula, in the experimental section of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry. Analyzes of grain quality were carried out in the grain quality laboratory of Research Institute of Crop Husbandry. Resistant (R), moderately resistant (20MS) and highly susceptible (30MS-60S) hybrids to yellow rust were revealed. A negative correlation (r = -0.768***) was found in F₄ between 1000 grains weight and the plant height. There were positive relationship between the plant height and gluten content (r = 0.621*; r = 0.631), the gluten content and protein content of the grain (r = 0.618*), sedimentation index and yellow rust resistance (r = 0.656*) and 1000 grains weight (r = 0.761**). This shows that yellow rust has a negative effect on grain quality. It is established, that the grain quality not only depends on the genotype of hybrids but also on the resistance and climatic conditions. Inheritance of these indicators and resistance to yellow rust depend on the parent pairs. Therefore, in order to obtain bread wheat varieties with high productivity, high grain quality and resistance, it is necessary to pay attention to their donor qualities. The study of hybrids has shown that the inheritance of some traits and resistance to diseases largely depend on their participation manner in crosses. Consideration of this indicator in breeding for resistance to yellow rust and for grain quality is recommended.

пшеница мягкая, сорт, гибрид, реципрокное скрещивание, устойчивость, жёлтая ржавчина, качество зерна, bread wheat, variety, hybrid, reciprocal crossing, resistance, yellow rust, grain quality