Improvement of soil contaminated with pesticides using carbon adsorption technologies

Abstract

Development of technology for detoxification of soils from pesticide residues is an important aspect of greening plant growing. The aim of this work was to develop activated carbons for detoxification of soils of agricultural function from pesticide residues. Received active coals on the basis of various types of raw materials and their efficiency is estimated in pot experiments in the cultivation of various crops and sunflower. It is shown that application of active carbons in doses of 100200kg/ha increases the yield of contaminated agricultural land on average 20-80 % depending on the species of cultivated crops and provide the possibility of obtaining a crop of dietary condition. Special attention is paid to the production of sorbents-detoxicants based on wheat straw, oats and rapeseed. It is shown that, thanks to the developed volume of transport pores, they have good adsorption kinetics, which results them in achieve the greatest effect in detoxification of the soil and ensures the safety of the crop by 80-95%. A new technology of cultivation of vegetable crops in greenhouses on the basis of a substrate consisting of rotted sawdust, sunflower husk carbonizate and active carbon impregnated with an aqueous solution of fungus spores Trichoderma harzianum is considered. This technology leads to increase the vegetative growth of tomato test-culture on herbicide-infected Singer SP by 30-50 % comparatively even with the pure control.