The results of breeding tomato hybrids for greenhouses, resistant to Cladosporium fulvum

Abstract

The reduction of tomato areas among large land users in Transnistria has led to an increase in the number of greenhouses in the private sector and among small farms. Narrow specialization without compliance with preventive measures and warm winters, established in the region in recent years, have led to an increase in the severity of fungal disease - Cladosporium fulvum. Especially harmful is the disease in film greenhouses with high humidity and daily fluctuations in air temperature. The aim of the research was to create an early tall large-fruited tomato hybrid for spring-summer culture using a line with functional male sterility as a maternal component. It was necessary to solve the following tasks: a) to find the source of genetic resistance to Cladosporium fulvum; b) to carry out hybridization with a functionally sterile line, and then take a sterile and resistant to this disease combinations; с) to carry out hybridization of the obtained selections with fertile lines and to study the resulting F₁ hybrids for complex of economically valuable features and properties. The studies were conducted on a natural infectious background in the spring-summer-autumn culture in the unheated film and glazed greenhouses of the Transnistria research Institute of agriculture since 2007. The result of this work was the creation of and registration in the Registry of the PMR and Moldova, a hybrid of tomato F₁ Atos, resistant to Cladosporium fulvum and tobacco mosaic virus. Hybrid F₁ Atos - mid-early, semi-determinant type of growth, weighing 110-160 g, plane-circular shape. Fruits without green spots in the stalk, red, delicious, with a high content of biologically active substances (dry matter - up to 6,9%, total sugar - up to 4,0%, vitamin C - up to 18,2 mg/100 g of raw material).