Formation of structure elements of winter wheat yield in landscape conditions of the Central Ciscaucasia

Abstract

Relevance. The yield level significantly depends on the cultivation technique and landscape conditions. Therefore, knowledge of the mechanism of the relationship between these factors and the plant is relevant.

Methods. The experiment was carried out in 2015–2019 at the “Agro landscape” training ground.

The aim of the research was to study the influence of predecessors, the level of mineral nutrition and location in the relief on the formation of elements of the structure of the yield of winter wheat in the zone of unstable moisture in the Stavropol Territory.

Results. The pea yield was formed in 2015 by the type of tall stalks, in 2017 by the mixed type, in other years by the spike type. On taxon A1, the yield depended on the grain weight per year in a strong (r = 0.85), and on A3, in an average (r = 0.60). For the halffallow, the formation proceeded in 2015 due to the productive stalk (r = 0.78) and grain weight per ear (r = 0.71), in 2016–2019. according to the spike type (r = 0.76–0.96). In
taxon A1, the yield was formed due to the weight of grain per ear (r = 0.83), and in taxon A2 and A3, due to the stem (r = 0.84–0.85). For peas, a significant difference between the nutritional backgrounds was for all elements of the crop structure, except for the weight of grain per ear, and for half-fallow only in the number of productive stems. On average for predecessors, a significant difference in taxa was noted between A1 and A2 in the number of grains and grain weight per ear, between A2 and A3 in the stem, between A1 and A3 in all elements of the crop structure. The strongest relationship between yield was noted with the weight of grain per ear (r = 0.88), which is closely related to the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.83) and the number of grains per ear (r = 0.82).