Study of the adaptive capacity of CMS-lines of grain sorghum in the conditions of the Lower Volga region

Abstract

Relevance. In the arid conditions of the lower Volga region, studies were conducted to identify different response rates of CMS lines of grain sorghum in order to use them in the selection of hybrids for resistance to abiotic stressors.

Material and methods. The adaptive capacity of maternal forms was studied on the example of 12 CMS lines (obtained using sterility sources A1, A2, A3, A4, M-351A, 9E) at the experimental field of institute in 2014–2018. The plot area is 7.7 m2. The density of standing plants is 100 thousand plant/ha. Repeatability in the experience — three times. The calculation of adaptability indicators was carried out using the program for statistical processing of experimental data Agros 2.09.

Results. It is established that the formation of a biomass productivity of sterile lines, the predominant influence of the interaction of genotype with year terms, which amounted to 58.2 per cent, while the factors of genotype and the year conditions contribute 31,0 and 10.8%, respectively. At the same time, the influence of the hydrothermal coefficient for the period of “germination-maturation” of sorghum on the productivity of biomass is confirmed by a positive linear relationship (y = 1,903x + 13.90). Among the studied forms, CMS lines A1 O-Yang 1 and A2 Tamara with a biomass yield of 10.33–14.08 t/ha are characterized by high stress resistance and average variability of the trait. Highyielding female forms A3 Feterita 14 and A1 Efremovskoe 2 (18.34–20.71 t/ha) have high indicators of stability index (3.97–6.30), genetic flexibility (16.55–20.70), which indicates their greater adaptability to the arid conditions of the region. These sterile lines are recommended to be included in the program of crosses when creating productive F1 hybrids.