Comparative analysis of the efficiency of application of different methods of tillage in the system of resource-saving agriculture technologies

Relevance. The article presents a comparative analysis of methods of basic tillage-classical dump plowing and technologies of minimal and no-till tillage. Question about the benefits of minimum and zero tillage on intensive up to the present time remains controversial. However, minimum and zero tillage systems are becoming increasingly common in the world as a response to increasing degradation and reduced soil productivity.

Methods. Various publications on this topic were analyzed. Various studies show mixed results.

Results. The analysis shows the following advantages of minimum and zero processing: costeffectiveness; prevention of soil erosion; maintaining fertility in the upper soil layer; preservation of soil moisture and vertical soil structure. The use of resource-saving technologies can not only preserve soil fertility and reduce the economic costs of its cultivation, but also prevent the degradation of farmland caused by erosion processes. Resource-saving technologies mean not only the abandonment of annual moldboard plowing, but also leaving crop residues on the field, the use of integrated weed control measures, the use of scientifically based crop rotations. Failure to meet these conditions will negate the effectiveness of minimum tillage. Minimum processing continuity is of particular importance. Any soil cultivation in the transitional phase means a return to the initial phase, and this should not be allowed. To ensure high productivity of resource-saving technologies, it is necessary to apply a well-grounded crop rotation system. An important factor in the use of resource-saving technologies in agriculture is economic efficiency. As experience shows, at the same yield level (20 cwt / ha), profitability with resource-saving technologies reaches 93.7%, while with a usual one — 55.4%. A comparative analysis of the methods of basic tillage shows that the advantages of minimal and no tillage are possible only in the presence of a high culture of agriculture. These advantages are as follows: cost-effectiveness; prevention of soil erosion; maintaining fertility in the upper soil layer; preservation of soil moisture and vertical soil structure.

1. PolyanskySYa. Agroecological and socio-economic aspects of sustainable agriculture. Ryazan, 1996. P. 31.

2. Medvedev V. V., Plisko I. V. Evolution of views on soil treatment // Pochva i zemel’nye resursy: sovremennoe sostoyanie, problemy ratsyonal,nogo ispol,zovaniya, geoinformatsyonnoe kartografirovanie. — 2018. — Pp. 228–232.

3. Negoda L. A. resource-Saving soil tillage system in the Primorye territory // Innovative and technological bases of agriculture development. — Kursk. Vserossy’sky NII zemledely’a i zashyty pochv ot erozyi RASKHN. — 2006. — P. 195–198.

4. Zelensky N. A., Avdeenko A. P. Experience of the South of Russia: efficiency and prospects of using legumes in busy, sideral and backstage mulching pairs // Resursosberegayushee zemledelie. — 2008. — №1. — Pp. 15–17.

5. Khusainov Kh. A., Tutaev A.V., Murtazaliev M. S., Murtazaliev S. M. Soil fertility depending on the methods of its processing and application of organic fertilizers on Chernozem typical in the Chechen Republic // Plodorodie. — 2019. — № 5 (110). — Pp. 24–27.

6. Pestryakov A.M. On the principles of multi-depth and multivariation // Zemledelie. — 2007. — No. 2. — Pp. 19–21.

7. Voronin A. N., Solovichenko V. D. Influence of various farming systems on the productivity of chernozems in the South-Western part of the Central Chernozem zone // Plodorodie. — 2019. — No. 5-Pp. 31–33.

8. Matyuk N. S., Polin V. D., Nikolaev V. A. Change of agrophysical properties of the soil under the action of processing techniques and fertilizers // Innovative technologies in adaptive landscape agriculture. — FGBNU “Vladimirsky NIISKH”. — 2015. — P. 110–116.

9. Savoskina O. A. Changes in the structural state of sod-podzolic soil under the influence of different depth treatment techniques // Innovative technologies in adaptive landscape agriculture. — FGBNU “Vladimirsky NIISKH”. — 2015. — P. 157–161.

10. Rolf Derps. South American experience: stages of implementation of direct seeding technology // Resursosberegayushee zemledelie, — 2008. — №1. — Pp. 6–9.

11. Orlova L. V. To be or not to be resource-saving technologies in Russia // Zemledelie. — 2007. — № 2. — Pp. 19–21.

12. Mukhamadyarov F. F. Issues of energy conservation in crop production // Vladimirsky zemledeletc. — 2010. — № 3. — P. 10–14.