The influence of drought on the change in the area of the assimilation surface of the genotypes of durum and bread wheat, which differ from the ripening period

Abstract

The article discusses the dynamics of changes in the area of the assimilation surface of assimilation organs of different genotypes of durum and soft wheat as a result of drought, differing in the ripening period. As you know, under drought conditions, the water potential of the soil first decreases, and then the plants; at later stages, the turgor pressure decreases, stomata close and there is a sharp decrease in photosynthetic activity. This situation creates stress in organisms and various biochemical, physiological and molecular reactions arise to overcome and protect this stress, allowing plants to develop resistance mechanisms that allow them to adapt to the external environment. The study showed a wide range of changes in the surface area of assimilation to assimilate organs in ontogenesis, depending on the morphophysiological characteristics of genotypes and donor-acceptor relations. Expansion of these studies showed that chloroplasts of high-yielding genotypes are characterized by high rates of electron transport and phosphorylation. It has also been confirmed that there is a relationship between CO₂ assimilation and productivity.