Leguminous crops in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Abstract

Relevance. Legumes are a source of cheap protein. The importance of the cultivation of leguminous crops at the planetary level in order to combat the starvation of a part of the world’s population was marked by the year 2016, declared the International year of leguminous crops. In the Republic of Bashkortostan the main leguminous crop is peas. In recent years other leguminous cropshave been growing in the region, such as vetch, soy, chickpeas, and forage beans, which play a significant role in the production of protein for food and feed purposes.

Results. Due to the increase in the production of nitrogen mineral fertilizers in Russia, the area of leguminous crops as a source of biological nitrogenbegan to decrease, another problems are low productivity and complexity of cultivation technology. Two-phase harvesting of a mixture of winter vetch with winter rye increases the yield of winter vetch grain by 0.51 t/ha, the protein content – by 1.8% in comparison with direct harvesting. The highest height of the lower bean in soybean plants is formed when sowing with a row spacing width of 70 cm as a result of intraspecific competition. Processing chickpea seeds with the biological preparation Rizotorfin B increases grain yield by 0.27 t/ha with a production profitability of 151.6%.