A new method for calculating doses of the first nitrogen fertilization as an alement of precision cultivation technology of winter barley

The development of new, more accurate methods for calculating doses of nitrogen fertilizers is a very urgent problem, because it allows to solve several tasks: to increase the ecological safety of crop production; to increase the payback of nitrogen fertilizers; to improve the technology of crop cultivation. As a result of many years of field experiments performed on the basis of the Institute and agricultural enterprises of Krasnodar Krai, there was obtained extensive information on the relationship of the yield of winter wheat with the state of agrophytocenosis and the conditions for its cultivation in spring. The mathematical analysis of this data revealed a multiple nonlinear regression dependence of the dose of the first nitrogen fertilization on the level of effective fertility of the soil (in a 0-40 cm layer) in early spring, density of agrophytocenosis and expected yield. On this basis, a new method for calculating doses of the first nitrogen fertilization for winter crops was developed. The article presents the results of the study (in a small-plot experiment) of the dependence of yields of the three promising varieties of winter barley of KNIISH breeding (“K-1”, “Serp”, "Toma”) on predecessors, genotype, nitrogen fertilizers and methods for their calculation. The test was repeated 4 times. The variants of the experiment included: 1-control (without fertilizers); 2-dose of the first nitrogen fertilization was calculated according to the Prototype; 3-dose of the first nitrogen fertilization was calculated by the New method. It was established that the yield of winter barley depended on a number of agrotechnical and genotypic factors (R² = 0.9); There was revealed the effectiveness of the new method for calculating the dose of the first nitrogen fertilization, which provided a reliable increase in the yield of winter barley (by 0.44 t/ha) and the payback of fertilizers (by 52%) in comparison with the Prototype. The method was patented (Russia).

озимый ячмень, урожайность, новый способ расчета дозы азотной подкормки, окупаемость удобрений, winter barley, yield, the new method for calculating doses of nitrogen fertilizers, payback of fertilizers

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