Selection o f donors on the basis of valuable economic characteristics of wheat

To create varieties with high yield and better indicators of grain quality, with high resistance to abiotic factors, diseases, pests for irrigated areas of the Republic of Uzbekistan it is important to choose right source material for crossing. In the process of creating high-yielding varieties, the selection of pairs for crossing was performed on the basis of productive characteristics of crops. For example, for wheat, it is the grain size, the weight of 1000 grains, the productivity of the variety, etc. When creating early-ripening varieties, it is important to take into account the duration of phases of the development of plant. To do this, it is important to study the resistance of the samples to abiotic and biotic factors, productivity, grain quality, morphological and biological characteristics and other economically valuable features of the source material and to identify donors in various selection directions. 100 varieties from different ecological and geographical regions were studied on more than 20 features at Kashkadarya branch of Research Institute for Grain and Leguminous crops. In particular, the phases of development of wheat were evaluated; the main goal was to select early ripening varieties with a minimum duration of development phases. As a result of the study, there were selected 14 early ripening samples, their duration of growing season lasted 161-163 days. The remaining varieties were identified as medium- and late-ripening crops. The main research criteria were indicators of yield, productivity; in the end the most productive varieties suitable for local climate conditions were selected. According to the results of the study the following samples were chosen for use: 70 samples with the medium plant height, 7 samples with high yield (above the standard), 59 samples with higher weight index of 1000 grains (above 40 g). Moreover, samples with the highest indicators of grain quality were selected: 63 samples with high protein content (above 14%), 48 samples with gluten content above 28%.

разновидность, образец, донор, гибридизация, гибридный материал, размножение, вегетационный период, производительность, фазы роста, variety, sample, donor, hybridization, hybrid material, vegetation period, productivity, growth phases

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