Formation of potato seed of Evpatiy variety with the use of different doses of mineral fertilizers and timings of top mowing

Abstract

Relevance. One of the key tasks in the cultivation of seed potatoes is to obtain the optimal level of yield, the quantitative output of the standard fraction of seed tubers and ensure the quality of seed potatoes at the level of regulatory requirements of the standards set for the respective seed categories. In order to obtain a quality seed, it is necessary to form such a crop that its structure had the largest amount of seed standard fraction of tubers, and plants were less affected by viral infection.

 Methods. Studies on the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and the timing of the mowing of top on the output of seed potatoes of the variety Evpatiy were conducted in 2018–2020 on the experimental fields of ISA. The technology of cultivation of the new variety was studied in the crop rotation: peas — winter wheat + runchweed — potatoes — spring wheat. The area of experiment is 0,25 hectares, the accounting area is 10 m2, the repetition is fourfold. Soil of the site: dark gray forest heavily sougly; humus content 4.7%, potassium — 18,4 mg/100 g of soil, phosphorus — 22,3 mg/100 g of soil; soil pH 5,0. Experiment scheme: introduction of mineral fertilizers before planting and mowing top after flowering: N96P96К96 — 30 days, N96P96К96 — 45 days and N128P128К128 — 30 days, N128P128К128 — 45 days.

Results. On the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers N96P96К96 before planting and mowing tops 30 days after flowering, a tuber yield of 30.8 t/ha was obtained, with a yield of seed tubers of 37.3%. On the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers N96P96К96 and mowing of tops 45 days after flowering, a tuber yield of 34.8 t/ha was obtained, with a yield of seed tubers of 42.2%. The use of mineral fertilizers with a rate of consumption N128P128К128 before planting and mowing tops 30 days after flowering contributed to the yield of tubers of 34.3 t/ha, with a yield of seed tubers of 45.6%. On the version with the introduction of mineral fertilizers N128P128К128 before planting and mowing tops 45 after flowering a tuber yield of 36.7 t/ha was obtained with a yield of seed tubers of 42.2%.