Influence of primary cultivation, fertilizers and distance of crops from forest belt on winter wheat yield

The article presents the results of the study conducted in the arid steppes of the Volga region. The study showed that ecological tension related to moisture deficit and loss of soil fertility could be reduced through development of adaptive-landscape systems of agriculture including windbreaks, cultivated plants with environment-forming capacities and cultivation technology in crop rotation. The adaptive-landscape system gives a possibility to develop modern competitive technologies for winter wheat cultivation. Through all years of the research the nitrate nitrogen content in unfertilized cultivated chernozem varied insignificantly, it demonstrated the stability of nitrogen stocks in arid steppes, which indicated stable accumulation of nitrate nitrogen due to nitrification processes, though fertilizers were not used. The largest amount of nitrate nitrogen accumulated in the fallow field with minor variations in cultivation options, both with the use of fertilizers as spring top dressing, and without them. The content of available phosphorus and exchange potassium in both options varied within the optimal values. The winter wheat yield increased as the distance of crops from the forest belt decreased. Shallow plowing along with deep plowing with or without spring nitrogen fertilizers was also effective in cultivation of winter wheat. The energy efficiency ratio after the shallow plowing without fertilizers at 130 m distance from forest belt was 5.90, 70 m distance - 6.32, 10 m distance - 8.40; with fertilizers - 5.12, 5.58, 7.10, respectively, deep plowing without fertilizers - 4.75, 5.66, 7.27; with fertilizers - 4.66; 5.28; 6.46.

чернозем, нитратный азот, нитрификационная способность, вспашка, лемешное лущение, удобрения, лесополоса, удаленность, урожайность, эффективность, chernozem, nitrate nitrogen, nitrification ability, plowing, shallow plowing, fertilizers, forest belt, distance, yield, efficiency

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