Creation of interspecific hybrids for drought tolerance grain crops breeding

Abstract

The article is devoted to the problem of food security. In Kyrgyzstan, crops are cultivated in different soil and climatic zones, both in irrigated and non-irrigated lands located above 500 to 2000 m altitude, where the total precipitation is 200-800 mm per year. In this regard, it is necessary to create drought-heat-tolerant, highly productive grain varieties with high economically valuable properties of grain. This requires a diverse gene pool, which serves as the initial material in the breeding of such varieties. In this regard, we used a variety of genetic resources of both cultural and wild plants. Interspecific hybridization was carried out in order to create an initial material for the breeding of cereal crops for drought tolerance. In hybridization, the species belonging to the family of Poaceaе Triticum aestivum, Aegilops сylindrica, Agropyrum Repens and Triticale were used. When creating interspecific hybrid forms, methods of traditional plant breeding and biotechnology were applied. Hybridization was carried out under field and in vitro conditions. 12 day old embryos, obtained after hybridization in the field, were transplanted to the Murashige-Skoga culture medium for further cultivation. In the in vitro hybridization, callus tissues of various sizes were obtained. For the regeneration all hybrid forms were cultivated under controlled conditions. The forms obtained will be used to increase the yield of cereal crops in the rainfed areas of the Kyrgyz Republic. This research is carried out according to the grant project of the Science Department of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Kyrgyz Republic on the topic «Use of biotechnological methods in wheat breeding for drought tolerance» and the Kyrgyz-Turkish University «Manas».