The use the VIR world collection in the selection of new varieties and hybrids of sugar sorghum for arid regions of the Russian Federation

Relevance. Currently, a highly productive agricultural crop, unique in drought resistance, sugar sorghum is traditionally used in the crop industry of the agro-industrial complex mainly for fodder purposes for the production of hay, silage, haylage, monofeed, briquettes from biomass, and in recent years the direction related to technical and food processing has been developing. Breeders are widely attracted to the source material from the world collection of VIR, on the basis of which new highly productive varieties and hybrids are created, characterized by a high sugar content in the juice of stems, as well as maturing in the conditions of the cultivation region. The multidirectional selection of new varieties of sugar sorghum with specified economic characteristics is relevant for providing raw materials for various branches of the agro-industrial complex.
Methods. The field assessment of morphometric indicators, the yield of biomass and seeds of the studied samples was carried out according to the Methodology of the state variety testing of agricultural crops, as well as according to the Broad unified classifier of cultivated species of the genus Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.
Results. The study of the gene pool of sugar sorghum made it possible to identify 18 samples that are donors of economically valuable traits, which are included in the working collection for the creation of new forms. Some samples are donors of several economically valuable signs: 6 signs — Volonter, 5 signs — Scheherezada, k-302, L-39/12; 4 signs — Izolda, Sahara, Seviliay, k-256, k-257, k-10092, L-66/13, L-67/13; 3 signs — Moment, Chaika, k-327, L-44/13. According to the developed model of the variety and the results of the tests, a new variety of sugar sorghum Izolda was isolated, surpassing the zoned variety Volzhskoe 51 in biomass yield by 21,0% and in seeds yield — by 11,1% in the conditions of 2020–2021.

1. Kibalnik О.P. Adaptive capacity of CMS sorghum lines in the conditions of cultivation of the Lower Volga region. Agrarian Science. 2019;1: 45-47. DOI:10.32634/0869-8155-2019-321-1-45-47 (In Russian).

2. Alabushev A.V., Kovtunova N.A., Shishova E.A. The main directions of breeding work on sugar sorghum. Fodder production. 2015;11: 33-36. (In Russian).

3. Kapustin S.I., Volodin A.B., Kapustina A.S., Kapustin A.S. Effectiveness of sugar sorghum hybrids in the arid conditions of north caucasus. International Journal of Ecosystems and Ecology Science. 2020;10(3): 435-440/ DOI:10.31407/ijees10.301

4. Volodin A.B., Zhukova M.P., Donets I.A., Golub A.S., Chukhlebova N.S. Evaluation of productivity and economically valuable signs and properties of the hybrid sorghum sugar Yarik. Bulletin of the Agroindustrial complex of Stavropol. 2019;1: 74-77. (In Russian).

5. Kibalnik O.P., Efremova I.G., Semin D.S., Kukoleva S.S. Sugar sorghum for cultivation in arid regions of the Russian Federation. News of agricultural science of Taurida. 2022;29(192): 66-76. (In Russian).

6. Kibalnik O.P., Larina T.V., Bychkova V.V., Semin D.S., Efremova I.G. Source material in the selection of Sorghum Saccuratum when used for feed purposes. Journal of Agriculture and Environment. 2022; 1(21) DOI: https:/doi.org/10.23649/jae.2022.1.21.13 (In Russian).

7. Paramonova I.E., Kravchenko N.L., Balpanov D.S., Ten O.A. Cultivation of yeast producers of feed protein on sugar sorghum juice. Biotechnology. Theory and practice. 2013;1: 52-56. (In Russian).

8. Volodin A.B., Kapustin S.I., Savartsev M.A. New non-traditional sources of raw materials for the production of food and feed sugar. New and unconventional plants and prospects for their use. 2016;12: 305-308. (In Russian).

9. Efremova E.N., Petrov N.Yu. Technology of processing of sugar sorghum Izvestiya Nizhnevolzhsky agrouniversitetskogo complex. 2012;4(28):1-4. (In Russian).

10. Oliveira L.P., Silva Cabral P.D., Silva F.H., Neto A.R., Silva F.G., Pereira L.D. Performance and genetic diversity of pre-commerticial sweet sorghum hybrids in Central-Western and Southern brazil. Renewable Energy. 2021;11 https:/doi.org/10/1016/j.renence.2021.11.023

11. Burks P.S., Kaizer C.M., Hawkins E.M., Brown P.J. genomewide Association for Sugar Yield in Sweet Sorghum. Crop Sci. 2015;55(5): 2138-2148. DOI:10.2135/cropsci2015.01.0057

12. Kovtunova N.A., Kovtunov V.V. Sorghum biodiversity. Grain farming in Russia. 2018;5: 49-52. (In Russian).

13. Boldyreva L.L., Yudina V.N. Prospects for the selection of sugar sorghum in the Crimea. News of agricultural science of Taurida. 2017;11(174): 5-11. (In Russian).

14. Kovtunova N.A., Kovtunov V.V. The use of sugar sorghum as a source of nutrients for humans (literature review). Grain farming in Russia. 2019;3(63): 3-9. (In Russian).

15. Fedin M.A. Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops. M.: State Commission on Variety Testing of Agricultural Crops. 1989; 194 p. (In Russian).

16. Yakushevsky E.S., Varadinov S.G., Korneychuk V.A., Banyai L. Broad unified classifier of CMEA and international classifier of CMEA of cultivated species of the genus Sorghum Moench. L.:VIR. 1982; 34 p. (In Russian).