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The impact of crop rotation, methods of tillage and fertilizers on the yield and economic performance of winter wheat

Abstract

The impact of the type of crop rotation, method of basic tillage, manure and mineral fertilizers on the yield and economic indicators of winter wheat was studied in the field stationary experiment in the forest-steppe zone of the Central Chernozem Region. When comparing different methods of basic tillage, the crop yield was almost at the same level for twenty years, that was confirmed by the indices of least significant differences. But among different crop rotation, the grain fallow rotation showed the highest productivity. The yield in summer fallow rotation was 4.31 t/ha, the yield, where predecessor of wheat had been pea, was 4.00 t/ha and the yield in the gain-grass rotation was 3.94 t/ha. In comparison with the absolute control, the administration of one dose of mineral fertilizers (N10P26K26) increased the yield of winter wheat by 30-35%, the double dose increased the yield by 41-48%. The administration of organic fertilizers at the dose of 40 t/ha increased the yield by 13-19%, and 80 t/ha - by23-28%. The maximum yield of winter wheat (5.13 t/ha) was obtained in the grain fallow rotation after the administration of N18Р120K120 against the background of the after-effect of 80 t/ha of manure. The high indicators of net income and profitability was also obtained with summer rotation; the net income was 26.9-27.4 thousand rubles/ha depending on soil cultivation, the profitability was 191-199%. The lowest economic indicators were obtained with the rotation with perennial grasses, the net income was 22.7-23.0 thousand rubles/ha, the profitability was 159-166%. The net income after the administration of organic fertilizers increased with the degree of fertilization, and it decreased after the administration of certain amount of mineral fertilizers. That was recorded in all crop rotations, regardless of the tillage method. The trend of the yield of winter wheat is positive, with all the combinations of studied factors, the yield increased from the second rotation to the fifth.

About the Authors

V. D. Solovichenko
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institute “Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences"
Russian Federation


V. V. Nikitin
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institute “Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences"
Russian Federation


A. P. Karabutov
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institute “Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences"
Russian Federation


E. V. Navolneva
Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institute “Belgorod Federal Agricultural Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences"
Russian Federation


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Review

For citations:


Solovichenko V.D., Nikitin V.V., Karabutov A.P., Navolneva E.V. The impact of crop rotation, methods of tillage and fertilizers on the yield and economic performance of winter wheat. Agrarian science. 2018;(5):46-49. (In Russ.)

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ISSN 0869-8155 (Print)
ISSN 2686-701X (Online)
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