Improvement of the tillage system in the conditions of irrigation of the Tersko-Sulak substructure

Relevance. The main reason for the decrease in crop yields during soil compaction is the deterioration of conditions for the formation of a powerful root system and its active activity, therefore, the physical properties of soils are important in increasing the effective fertility of soils and obtaining high yields of cultivated crops. Proper regulation of the agrophysical properties of soils is the main task of tillage. The aim of the study is to study the influence of the tillage system on the phases of development of winter wheat in the irrigated plain zone on the agrophysical indicators of meadow-chestnut soil and grain productivity.
Methods. The field experiment was carried out in the irrigated zone of the Tersko-Sulak substructure on meadow-chestnut soil. The scheme of the experiment includes a system of tillage (irrigation half-steam and half-steam) and fertilizers (at 3 levels of mineral nutrition for winter wheat).
Results. The use of irrigation half-steam and half-steam treatment systems in irrigated agriculture of the Tersko-Sulak substructure has a beneficial effect on the agrophysical properties of the soil, which are able to resist the erosion of arable land from water erosion, contributes to the productivity of winter wheat. Characterizing the evaluation of the study on tillage systems for winter wheat cultivation, the predominant indicators for the semi-steam treatment system are associated with a better content of productive moisture, agrophysical properties of soils and the introduction of mineral fertilizers, which affected the increase in yield and grain structure. Thus, an adaptive system of meadow-chestnut soil treatment under irrigation conditions has been determined.

1. Teymurov S.A., Yarmagomedov A.N., Ramazanov A.V., Babaev T.T. Influence of fertilizers types on the nutrients dynamics in the arable layer of a meadow chestnut soil. Vestnik of the Russian agricultural science. 2021; (2): 51–55 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.30850/vrsn/2021/2/51-55

2. Loshakov V.G. Crop rotation and other biological factors of reproduction of soil fertility. Systems for the use of organic fertilizers and renewable resources in landscape agriculture. Collection of reports of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Sudogorsky Experimental field. Vladimir: All-Russian Research Institute of Organic Fertilizers and Peat of the Russian Agricultural Academy. 2013; 1: 148–159 (In Russian). https://elibrary.ru/wmvcyx

3. Shramko N.V., Vikhoreva G.V. The influence of fertilizer systems on the fertility of sod-podzolic soils and crop rotation productivity in the conditions of the Upper Volga region. Innovative technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops in the Non-Chernozem region. All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the formation of the Vladimir Research Institute of the Russian Agricultural Academy. Suzdal. 2013; 1: 58–62 (In Russian). https://elibrary.ru/viwncn

4. Abduragimov P.A., Kerimkhanov S.U., Uvaysov M.D., Bekbulatov S.K. Soil treatment and harvest: scientific foundations and zonal features of soil cultivation in Dagestan. Makhachkala: Dagestan Book Publishing House. 1983; 132 (In Russian).

5. Gaevaya E.A., Mishchenko A.E. Winter wheat productivity and moisture reserves. Grain Economy of Russia. 2015; (4): 13–16 (In Russian). https://elibrary.ru/uhlcoz

6. Tsvetkov M.L., Manylova O.V. Moisture regime of fallow field in cereal-fallow rotations in the priobye (the Ob river area) of the Altai Region. Bulletin of Altai State Agricultural University. 2014; (3): 14–19 (In Russian). https://elibrary.ru/rzarev

7. Solodovnikov A.P., Letuchiy A.V., Stepanov D.S., Shagiev B.Z., Linkov A.S. The dynamics of the Southern Chernozem density while minimizing the primary tillage. Zemledelie. 2015; (1): 5–7 (In Russian). https://elibrary.ru/tilihl

8. Nebytov V.G. Changes in the properties of leached Chernozem up on its agricultural use and field-protective afforestation. Eurasian Soil Science. 2005; 38(6): 656–663. https://elibrary.ru/lixrxr

9. Teymurov S.A., Abdulgalimov M.M. Study of water-physical properties of irrigated chestnut soil types in the conditions of the Tersko-Sulak subprovincion. Gornoe sel'skoe khozyaystvo. 2022; (1): 20–25 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.25691/GSH.2022.1.004

10. Magomedov N.R., Suleymanov D.Y., Abdullaev A.A., Abdullaev Zh.N., Hajiyev M.M. Adaptive technology of winter solid wheat cultivation in Tersco-Sulak subprovination of Dagestan under irrigation conditions. Mezhdunarodnyi sel'skokhozyaistvennyi zhurnal. 2020; (6): 68–71 (In Russian). https://doi.org/10.24411/2587-6740-2020-16117