Методы определения концентрации кортизола у животных

Стероидный гормон кортизол является конечным продуктом гипоталамо-гипофизонадпочечниковой оси (ГГНО). В последнее время кортизол рассматривают как потенциальный биомаркер для выявления стресса, так как он напрямую связан с реакцией организма на тревогу. Наиболее распространенными методами для определения эндокринного статуса, в том числе кортизола, являются иммуноферментный анализ (ИФА) и радиоиммуноанализ (РИА). Они являются наиболее надежными и обладают высокой чувствительностью. Уровень кортизола определяют в основном в крови, слюне, сыворотке и моче. Концентрация гормона в этих пробах связана с циркадным ритмом и колеблется в течение дня. Поэтому образцы биоматериала позволяют анализировать острые динамические изменения кортизола. Последствия хронического стресса требуют оценки его долгосрочных уровней. Концентрация кортизола в волосах (шерсти) всё чаще используется в качестве биомаркера длительного стресса. Анализ кортизола в волосах, таким образом, стал крупным методологическим достижением, поскольку обеспечивает ретроспективную оценку кумулятивных уровней в течение длительного периода времени — от нескольких дней до нескольких месяцев. За последнее десятилетие была установлена достоверность динамики уровня кортизола в волосах (шерсти) как показателя долгосрочного уровня. Кроме того, этот материал является наиболее стабильным в течение длительного времени и устойчивым к воздействию окружающей среды. Измерение уровня кортизола в волосах — это инновационный метод определения долгосрочного его повышения, не зависящего от многих методологических трудностей и не связанного с другими матрицами. Интерес к волосам как к объекту эндокринной активности обусловлен различными уникальными особенностями, которые дают много преимуществ по сравнению с другими биоматериалами.

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