Productive qualities of cows against the background of the use of mineral feed additives

Relevance. Holstein dairy cattle are bred in the Sverdlovsk region, its improvement is carried out by selecting and selecting the best for further breeding. In order for them to display their genetic potential of productivity, it is necessary to ensure a balanced diet. The purpose of the work is to evaluate the productive qualities of cows against the background of the use of mineral feed additives.

Methods. To conduct the study in a typical breeding reproducer for the region, 3 groups of heifers in the last trimester of pregnancy (10 heads each) were formed — a control group and two experimental ones based on the principle of pairs of analogues. The dairy productivity of cows for the first lactation was assessed by control milking once a month. The fat and protein content in milk was assessed in an average milk sample once a month from each cow. Reproduction indicators were established by the duration of the periods of the reproduction cycle and the coefficient of reproductive ability.

Results. As a result of the research, it was found that the use of mineral feed additives zeolite of the Karinsky deposit and “Mineral Active” in feeding heifers had a positive effect on milk productivity and reproductive qualities of first-calf cows. The highest milk yield for lactation was shown by the first heifers of the 3rd group, who received the “Mineral Active” mineral supplement for 15 days before calving. The fat content was higher in the milk of cows of the 2nd group, protein — in the milk of cows of the 3rd group. The primary heifer cows of the 3rd group had an advantage in the yield of milk fat and protein, which surpassed their peers in these indicators by 10.1 kg (2.9%, group 2) and 32.6 kg (9.3%, group 1) in milk fat and by 21.0 kg (6.9%) and 29.8 kg (9.8%) of milk protein, respectively. The animals receiving mineral feed additives in the diet were distinguished by a shorter service period, which turned out to be lower by 29.0% and 14.0%, respectively, compared with animals of the 1st group (control). Cows of all groups had an average fruiting period of 286 ± 2.9 — 289 ± 3.2 days.

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