Effect of different drying methods on some physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of chicken embryo protein hydrolysate

Relevance. Direct addition of bioactive peptide substances to food products and pharmaceuticals is limited due to their physicochemical instability. Processing conditions aimed at stabilizing protein hydrolysates can influence their bioactive properties. In this study, a comparative analysis of the effect of freeze-drying and spray drying conditions on a complex of beta-cyclodextrin and acidenzymatic hydrolysate of chicken embryo proteins was carried out. Structural, physicochemical and antioxidant properties were studied.

Methods. The morphology of the cyclodextrin complex and hydrolysate was studied by X-ray microtomography. The amount of sodium chloride was determined by titration. The content of proteins, peptides, amino acids and other hydrolysis products was determined by the Warburg — Christian method. The level of amine nitrogen was estimated by titration with formaldehyde. The antioxidant activity of the powders was determined by the ABTS radical absorption method.

Results. The freeze-dried complex was characterized by chaotically distributed long needle-like structures. The powder of the complex after spray drying was characterized by small rounded particles and a significantly higher (by 21.6%) bulk density. According to the granulometric data, particles of 44.7–89.4 μm in size predominated in both studied samples. The lyophilisate was characterized by an expansion of the granulometric composition towards larger particles (71.5 μm — 1.4 mm; 2.8–5.7 mm). Microtomographic parameters and calculated indices indicated the advantage of spray drying in terms of uniformity of structure, three-dimensional symmetry of particles tending to isotropy. The Samples of beta-cyclodextrin and hydrolysate complexes after lyophilic and spray drying did not differ in their main chemical properties. However, the level of antiradical activity of the complex decreased almost twofold after dehydration by spray drying — 31.0 ± 4.1 versus 61.5 ± 3.6 μM TE/g. This requires improvement and development of the process with possible adjustment of the substance feed rate, heating temperature, or additional inclusion of protective components in the substance before spray drying.

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