The effectiveness of the methods of selecting the source material for the quality of flax seeds in primary seed production

Relevance. The applied selection methods in primary seed production are focused primarily on testing plants for individual or complex traits. In this regard, the justification of the need and the study of the effectiveness of seed selection methods based on qualitative characteristics is relevant and has practical significance.
Methods. The research was carried out according to the methods of laying and conducting field experiments with flax, the methodological guidelines for the primary seed production of flax. The assessment of seed quality and morphophysiological properties of crop seeds was carried out in accordance with the current GOST.
Results. It was found that the flax plants in the selection nursery differed from each other in the amount of seed mass on the inflorescence, which varied from 4.4 to 5.2 mg. The heterogeneity of the pods (fruits) in terms of seed mass within the inflorescence of plants was revealed. Taking into account the peculiarities of the formation of seed mass on the plant and in the box (fruit), the possibility of seed quality selection is justified. Selection methods based on seed weight, size and seed weight, as well as seed quality, combined with preliminary testing of plants for morphological characteristics, made it possible to increase the yield of updated flax seeds by 2.9–5.3 times compared with the control, to ensure the necessary level of seed quality (germination 93–97%) and morphophysiological properties, and There is also a 22–51% reduction in labor costs.

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