Микробиом семенной жидкости Bos taurus: таксономическое разнообразие, влияние на фертильность и потенциал пробиотической модуляции

Актуальность исследования микробиома спермы быков обусловлена высокой значимостью воспроизводства в животноводстве, проблемами контаминации семени патогенами и необходимостью повышения эффективности искусственного осеменения. Представлен обзор таксономических групп микроорганизмов, присутствующих в семенной жидкости быков-производителей. В обзоре освещены причины низкой исследованности микробиоты семени быков, сфокусировано внимание на преимуществах современных молекулярных технологий, таких как секвенирование 16S рРНК, позволяющих точнее определить спектр микроорганизмов и исследовать их роль в репродуктивной системе. Отмечено разнообразие микробиоты, включающей филумы Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria и Fusobacteria, представители которых, по всей вероятности, способны оказывать разнообразное влияние на качество семени и фертильность. Доказано, что, несмотря на установленное влияние микробиома репродуктивной системы на фертильность и качество спермы, подтвержденное исследованиями на людях и других видах продуктивных животных, на сегодняшний день отсутствуют специальные научные публикации, детально рассматривающие роль микробиома семени именно у быков и его влияние на соответствующие репродуктивные показатели. В обзоре рассмотрены внешние факторы, влияющие на состав микробиома, такие как кормление, сезон года и условия содержания животных. Сделан вывод, что использование пробиотиков в кормлении быков-производителей является перспективным направлением и экологически безопасным способом оптимизации микробиоты и улучшения репродуктивной функции, повышающий качество семени и фертильность и снижающий потребность в антибиотиках.

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