Clinically significant molecular mutations in canine and feline tumors: roles in diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and targeted therapy
https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2026-405-04-8-19
Abstract
In recent years, molecular veterinary oncology has been developing rapidly due to the introduction of advanced genomic and transcriptomic methods for the analysis of tumors in animals. Mutations and oncogenic signaling pathways are becoming important biomarkers that help clarify tumor biology, improve diagnostic accuracy, enable prognostic assessment, and support the application of targeted therapy. The aim of this review is to analyze current data on clinically significant mutations in tumors of dogs and cats and their role in diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and treatment. The article discusses the most extensively studied molecular targets, including KIT, BRAF, HER2, PIK3CA, and TP53, as well as the associated signaling pathways involved in tumor development. The review also summarizes the application of molecular diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, next-generation sequencing, and liquid biopsy. Special attention is given to the importance of molecular markers for comparative oncology and to the prospects for integrating multiomics tumor profiling into clinical veterinary practice. These findings indicate the emergence of the foundations of precision veterinary oncology, aimed at developing more individualized strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of tumors in dogs and cats
Keywords
veterinary oncology,
molecular biomarkers,
targeted therapy,
KIT,
BRAF,
HER2,
PIK3CA,
TP53,
liquid biopsy
About the Authors
Yu. N. Melikova
LLC “New Veterinary Technologies” (LLC “NewVetTech”)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Julia Nikolaevna Melikova, Candidate of Veterinary Sciences, Executive Director of a Veterinary Clinic
62/2 Bolshaya Serpukhovskaya st., Moscow, 115093
B. V. Violin
All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plant — a branch of the Federal Scientific Centre VIEV
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Boris Viktorovich Violin, Candidate of veterinary sciences
5 Zvenigorodskoe shosse, Moscow, 123022
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For citations:
Melikova Yu.N., Violin B.V. Clinically significant molecular mutations in canine and feline tumors: roles in diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and targeted therapy. Agrarian science. 2026;(4):8-19. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2026-405-04-8-19
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