A new generation of black currant for ecologically safe technologies

The value of fruit-berry products is determined by its functional importance for human’s nourishment. At the same time the elements of modern cultivation technologies involve the application of pesticides in the protection against pests, diseases and weeds what is harmful for human’s health. The development of cultivars unsuscepti ble to diseases and pests is an expensive but efficient enough method of pesticide load lowering. The large-scale work for the improvement of black currant assortment is conducted at the All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The studies are conducted for the purpose of involving different sources of resistance into practical breeding. Donors of oligogenic resistance are mostly valuable. Their use in breeding for resistance to different diseases and pests gives an opportunity to conduct the breeding process more purposefully and after several generations to create cultivars combining complex resistance with economically valuable traits. The priority direction in black currant breeding is the development of cultivars displaying high resistance or immunity to powdery mildew and bud mite and having large fruits with high content of ascorbic acid in berries. On the ground of the analysis of hybrid progeny segregation we have identified Pe gene that controls the resistance to rust. Nutmeg currant (Ribes glutinosum) is a donor of this gene. For the first time in Russia PCR-based analysis allowing to increase the efficiency of a breeding process have been used in selection for resistance to bud mite. As a result of the target selection work, 16 black currant cultivars with immunity to powdery mildew have been developed and passed to the State Variety Investigation: Kipiana, Gamma, Gratzia, Oazis, Zaglyadenie, Blakeston, Iskushenie, Ocharovanie, Kreolka, Chernaya Vual, Arapka, Nura, Yubiley Orla, Narianna, Chernookaya and Nadia. The cultivars Kipiana, Gratzia, Iskushenie, Kreolka, Chernaya Vual, Arapka, Narianna, Chernookaya and Nadia are not also damaged by rust while Kipiana, Oazis and Iskushenie are not susceptible to bud mite.

смородина черная, сорта, иммунитет, мучнистая роса, столбчатая ржавчина, почковый клещ, black currant, cultivars, immunity, powdery mildew, rust, bud mite

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