Influence of predecessors on the formation of elements of winter wheat productivity in the Lower Volga region
Abstract
The article presents the results of studying the effect of precursors on the formation of biometric indicators and productivity elements of winter wheat in the summer-autumn period in the conditions of light chestnut soils in the Lower Volga region. Studies were carried out on the experimental field NVNIISH located in the light chestnut subzone of the dry steppe zone of chestnut soils of the Lower Volga region. The territory of the farm is a low-wavy plain. The climate is sharply continental, SCC = 0.5-0.6. The sum of average daily positive air temperatures is 3400-3500 °С. The average annual rainfall is 300-350 mm. The amplitude of the minimum and maximum temperatures is 7.8 °C (from + 43 °C to -35 °C). Soils are low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and increased in potassium. The humus content is 1.2-2.0%, pH = 7-8. According to the predecessors, pure steam and green manure steam (winter rye), the reserves of productive moisture in the soil were greater than green manure fallow (camelina) and pea from the predecessor. A positive nitrogen balance was also provided for these pairs. The greatest number of productive stems of winter wheat was observed in a busy green manure with a pair of winter rye. In the same variant, the highest productive tillering is ensured. The content of nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil layer of 0-40 cm was sown on the sidereal pair (winter rye). For a clean pair, where all the straw and leafy mass of field crops is removed from the field, a negative balance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively, is provided -51.7; -10.8 and -28.0 kg/ha of crop rotation area. The best development of winter wheat plants in all phases of the growing season was noted for a clean pair and green manure pair (winter rye).
About the Authors
O. V. Ruleva
Federal state budgetary scientific institution “Federal scientific center of Agroecology, complex melioration and protective afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences" (FSC Agroecology RAS)
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
E. V. Semenchenko
Nizhne-Volzhsky agricultural research Institute - branch of the Federal scientific center for Agroecology Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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For citations:
Ruleva O.V., Semenchenko E.V. Influence of predecessors on the formation of elements of winter wheat productivity in the Lower Volga region. Agrarian science. 2019;(4):68-72. (In Russ.)
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