Assessment of the effect of the Holstein breed genotype on the productive qualities of cows

Relevance. Holstein dairy cattle are being bred in the Sverdlovsk region, and its improvement is underway to select and select the best for further breeding, including by increasing the bloodline of the Holstein breed. The aim of the work was to assess the milk productivity of cows of the modern Holstein breed with different blood levels obtained and used in the conditions of the Middle Ural.

Methods. To conduct the study in a typical breeding reproducer for the region, an analysis of changes in the productive qualities of cows and the duration of productive use, depending on the bloodline of the Holstein breed, was carried out. The dairy productivity of cows was assessed according to the periods of lactation activity – average, for 305 days and maximum lactation, as well as by lifetime milk yield. Milk yield — by control milking once a month. The fat and protein content in milk was assessed in an average milk sample once a month from each cow.

Results. An increase in milk yield was found during the average lactation and for 305 days of lactation with an increase in blood supply according to Holstein. Moreover, for average lactation, this increase is observed until the Holstein level reaches 96.1%, and a further increase in blood supply led to a decrease in this indicator by 438.9 kg or 7.3%. Milk yield for 305 days of lactation increases with an increase in blood content to reach 96.9% blood content, which is explained by an increase in the genetic potential of animals. The indicators of maximum milk yield begin to decrease with an increase in blood supply from 96.1%, confirming the increased typing of animals according to productive characteristics and a decrease in the diversity of this trait in the herd. With an increase in Holstein blood supply, there is a sharp decrease in lifetime milk yield from 18701.5±357.42 kg (blood content 93.8%, group 1) to 10889.0±280.07 kg (blood content 96.9%, group 4), which corresponds to 41.8%. An increase in blood supply from 93.8 to 96.9% led to a decrease in the age of culling and, accordingly, the duration of productive use from 3 lactation to 1.8, that is, almost twofold.

The research is exploratory and was carried out within the framework of scientific research at the Ural State Agrarian University (state registration No. AAAAA-A19-1191014000069).

1. Pospelova I.N., Kovaleva I.V. The effective development of milk stock-breeding in the condition produce organic product. IOP. Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2021; 677: 022009. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/677/2/022009

2. Anisimovа E.I. Implementation of the genotype of black-and-white cattle with different bloodlines of the Holstein breed. Agrarian science to agricultural production Proceedings of the International scientific and practical conference Izhevsk: Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy. 2019; 2: 5‒9 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/qbgaxw

3. Stroev V.V., Magomedov M.D., Alekseicheva E.Yu. Increasing the production and consumption of dairy products in Russia and food security. Economics: yesterday, today and tomorrow. 2023; 13(6–1): 368‒380 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/fkhuwk

4. Dunin I.M., Tyapugin S.E., Meshcherov R.K., Khodykov V.P., Meshcherov Sh.R., Nikulkin N.S. Breeding of Holstein cattle on the territory of the Russian Federation. Zootechniya. 2020; (2): 5‒8 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/mlvbyl

5. Bryantsev A.Yu., Gorelik O.V., Kharlap S.Yu., Gorelik A.S., Rebezov M.B. Evaluation of physico-chemical parameters of cow’s milk depending on the linear affiliation. Bulletin of Osh State. University. 2023; (3): 9‒20 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.52754/16948610_2023_3_2

6. Yakovchik N.S., Dosumova A.Zh., Kubekova B.Zh. Basics of breeding Holstein cows of different genotypes. Agropanorama. 2021; (3): 14‒16 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.56619/2078-7138-2021-145-3-14-16

7. Sulyga N.V., Kovaleva G.P., Rachkov I.G., Bykadorov P.P. Influence of the father’s genotype on the productive lifespan of Holstein cows. Agricultural Journal. 2024; 17(2): 148‒156 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/trvqsb

8. Kolesnikova A.V., Basonov O.A. The genetic potential of various selection Holstein sires. Zootechniya. 2017; (1): 10‒12 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/xwvggv

9. Gorelik O.V., Rebezov M.B., Dolmatova I.A. Milk productivity of Ural type cows of Holsteinized black-and-white cattle. Current problems of modern science, technology and education. Abstracts of the reports of the 81st International scientific and technical conference. Magnitogorsk: Nosov Magnitogorck State Technical University. 2023; 2: 250 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/azjxic

10. Gorelik O.V., Rebezov M.B., Sveshnikova E.Ya. Milk productivity of Holstein cows of the Reflection Sovering line. Modern technologies for cultivation, processing and storage of agricultural products Collection of abstracts prepared within the framework of the round table. Yekaterinburg: Ural State Agrarian University. 2022; 2: 66‒67 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/hzxdql

11. Sharafutdinov G.S., Shaidullin R.R. Cows’ productive longevity of various genotypes. Scientific notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 2010; 202: 226‒230 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/mvgkyb

12. Strizhkova M.V. et al. Influence of the genotype of Holstein breed bulls-producers on the sodium content in the blood serum of sons. Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University). 2021; (1): 125–133 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-58-1-125-133

13. Ptushkina S.A., Tkacheva O.L., Tkachev A.V. Milk productivity of Holstein cows of different genotypes. Interdisciplinary approaches in biology, medicine and earth sciences: theoretical and applied aspects Proceedings of thesymposium of the XIX (LI) International scientific conference of students, postgraduates and young scientists. Kemerovo: Kemerovo State University. 2024; 25(2): 209‒212 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/dbrrbb

14. Solovyova O.I., Krestyaninova E.I. Factors affecting the health and longevity of dairy cows. Improving the competitiveness of animal husbandry and the tasks of staffing Proceedings of the XXVIII International scientific and practical conference. Bykovo.2022; 143‒148 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/bakhwq

15. Yarmots G.A. The influence of feeding factors on milk productivity of cows. Feeding of agricultural animals and feed production. 2019; (4): 17‒21 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/cqppio

16. Shulga L.V., Medvedeva K.L., Lantsov A.V., Valshonok E.O., Dolina D.S. Factors influencing productive longevity of cows. Animal agriculture and veterinary medicine. 2020; (4): 8‒11 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/xlcxmt

17. Sakhanchuk A.I., Kallaur M.G., Kot E.G., Nevar A.A. Optimization of mineral requirements for cows of the Belarusian Holstein dairy breed in II and III lactation periods. Zootechnical Science of Belarus. 2023; 58(2): 113–122 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/webuqe

18. Safronov S.L., Kostomakhin N.M., Solovyova O.I., Ostroukhova V.I. Comparative characteristics of the dairy productivity of cows of different productive longevity. Zootechniya. 2022; (4): 26–28 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/mlrpwy

19. Safronov S.L., Kostomakhin N.M., Solovyova O.I., Ostroukhova V.I., Kulmakova N.I. Milk productivity and longevity of cows in the conditions of industrial milk production technology. Breeding and technological aspects of intensifying the production of livestock products Based on the proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation, dedicated to the 150th anniversary of thebirth of Academician. M.F. Ivanov. Moscow: Russian State Agrarian University — Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. 2022; 1: 223‒227 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/drqjgh

20. Skobelev V.V., Chizhevsky S.I., Seryakov I.S., Tsikunova O.G. Milk productivity of first-calf cows depending on the genealogical structure at JSC “Valische”, Pinsk region. Animal agriculture and veterinary medicine. 2017; (4): 32‒37 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/ymneik

21. Yudina O.P., Mukhtarov A.M., Usova T.P., Bakai F.R. Productive qualities of daughters of Holstein bulls of different lines and genotypes according to the CSN3 gene. Bulletin of Michurinsk State Agrarian University. 2023; (2): 145‒149 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/eahxla

22. Gorelik A.S., Rebezov M.B., Gorelik O.V. Technological properties of milk of cows with different proportion of blood in the Holstein breed. Agrarian science. 2023; (5): 63–67 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.32634/0869-8155-2023-370-5-63-67

23. Svetikova E.A., Rebezov M.B., Gorelik O.V. The relationshipof productive traits in Holstein cows. Molodezh’ i nauka. 2023; (12): 45 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/xqdeds

24. Svetikova E.A., Rebezov M.B., Gorelik O.V. Reproductive qualities of Holstein cows by lactations. Molodezh’ i nauka. 2023; (12): 46 (in Russian). https://elibrary.ru/ipdikm