Economic and biological characteristics of modern winter durum wheat varieties developed by the FSBSI «ARC “Donskoy”»

Relevance. One of the essential factors for further increasing the yield of grain crops and increasing the gross grain harvest is the introduction of new highly productive varieties with a complex of economically useful characteristics and properties.

The purpose of the research is to evaluate modern varieties of winter durum wheat selected by the Federal State Budgetary Budgetary Institution ANTS “Donskoy” according to a set of economically valuable traits and properties.

Results. The new winter durum wheat varieties studied in the trial were developed by the method of intervarietal and stepwise hybridization using the variety Teiya, lines of our own breeding (2257/07, 1036/09, 2424/07, 776/10) and varieties from other regions (Krupinka, Solo, Tur, Poseidon) as parental forms. Their mean productivity in 2021–2024 ranged from 8.16 t/ha (Kristella) to 9.70 t/ha (Pridonie). There were significant increases in the new winter durum wheat varieties Ellada (+0.48 t/ha), Grafit (+0.82 t/ha) and Pridonie (+1.27 t/ha). The studied new varieties are short-stemmed, lodging-resistant and large-grained, and belong to different groups of maturity. The plant survival rate of these varieties varied from 56.1 to 68.5%, with 59.1% of the standard variety Kristella. Frost resistance of the varieties Ellada, Khrizolit and Pridonie was similar to that of the standard variety. Protein percentage in grain was 13.70–14.40%, gluten was 27.4–28.9%, which corresponded to the 1st-2nd grain quality class (GOST 9353-2016). Grain hardness during the studied period ranged from 78 to 88%, with 83% of the standard. Despite abundant precipitation during the 2023 harvesting, there were identified such winter durum wheat varieties with high grain hardness as Karotinka (85%), Grafit (87%), Pridonie (88%), which corresponded to the 1st grain quality class. The pasta color of the promising winter durum wheat varieties was amber or dark amber, which corresponded to 5 points.

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